Brain activation regional

Substantia nigra pars reticulata is the area with highest neuronal activity and metabolic rate in the brain. This region also shows highest expression rates of SUR1/ Kir6.2 channels. These KATP channels are present... 

When the placebo cream had not been applied, the researchers found activation in areas of the brain that they identified as the pain matrix . But when the same pain stimuli were administered with the placebo cream, activation in these pain-responsive regions of the brain was reduced, and the more pain relief the subjects reported, the greater the reduction of activation in the pain matrix. This told Wager that people actually do experience less pain when given placebo analgesics, and this change in experience is accompanied by changes in brain activity. 

Kumari et al, (2003) 12 2 mg nicotine, subcutaneously N-Back Nicotine improved accuracy in all N-back conditions and reduced response times during the more demanding conditions of the task. Irrespective of drug condition, frontal and parietal regions were activated with increasing memory load. Nicotine, however, increased brain activation in the anterior cingulate (0-back, 1-back, 2-back), superior frontal (1-back, 2-back), and left superior parietal cortex (1-back, 2-back, 3-back), in the 3-back condition, nicotine reduced activation in the right superior parietal cortex. 

Nicotine modulated alertness-brain related activity in several brain regions, but did not significantly influence response times. In the visual condition, nicotine decreased alertness-brain activity in the right lateral posterior superior temporal gyrus. In the auditory modality, effects of nicotine were trial-specific decreased activation in frontal and occipitoparietal regions in warned trials and increased activation in unwarned trials. 

Basal brain activity and regional brain activation levels are not the same in males and females. Fallon et al. (2005) studied brain metabolism with 2-[ F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose and positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in male and female... 

Kimbrell, T.A., George, M.S., Parekh, P.I., Ketter, T.A., Podell, D.M., Danielson, A.L., Repella, J.D., Benson, B.E., Willis, M.W., Her-scovitch, P., and Post, R.M. (1999) Regional brain activity during transient self-induced anxiety and anger in healthy adults. Biol Psychiatry 46 454 65. 

To illustrate these differences, a brain activity study of patients with schizophrenia typically involves testing whether a particular brain region,... 

It is already clear from the forgoing discussion that the brain must be fully activated to process information efficiently. Brain activation may have quite different cellular and molecular mechanisms and a quite different regional distribution according to whether it is activated in waking... 

Imaging studies of regional brain activation within and across subjects... 

How and why is the limbic forebrain selectively activated in REM so as to produce this kind of affective experience The how answer is that in addition to its major cholinergic innervation from the basal forebrain the limbic area receives a direct projection from the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum, where the cholinergic neurons that become selectively active in REM sleep are found in animals. PET studies can t yet tell us if this particular brain stem region is selectively activated in human REM sleep, but we hypothesize that such a homology is likely. 

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