Response time influence

Fig. 2.5 illustrates the effect on the process response of increasing values of k. This shows that the response time of the system is decreased by increasing values of k and that the final effluent concentration leaving the tank is reduced in magnitude. Increasing k has, however, very little influence on the initial rate of response. 

The linear and nonlinear optical properties of the conjugated polymeric crystals are reviewed. It is shown that the dimensionality of the rr-electron distribution and electron-phonon interaction drastically influence the order of magnitude and time response of these properties. The one-dimensional conjugated crystals show the strongest nonlinearities their response time is determined by the diffusion time of the intrinsic conjugation defects whose dynamics are described within the soliton picture. 

Fig.3 Influence of the light intensity on the photopolymerization of a polyurethane-acrylate (PUA) film. — IR response time...

Nicotine modulated alertness-brain related activity in several brain regions, but did not significantly influence response times. In the visual condition, nicotine decreased alertness-brain activity in the right lateral posterior superior temporal gyrus. In the auditory modality, effects of nicotine were trial-specific decreased activation in frontal and occipitoparietal regions in warned trials and increased activation in unwarned trials. 

In principle, there are two possible ways to measure this effect. First, there is the end-point measurement (steady-state mode), where the difference is calculated between the initial current of the endogenous respiration and the resulting current of the altered respiration, which is influenced by the tested substances. Second, by kinetic measurement the decrease or the acceleration, respectively, of the respiration with time is calculated from the first derivative of the currenttime curve. The first procedure has been most frequently used in microbial sensors. These biosensors with a relatively high concentration of biomass have a longer response time than that of enzyme sensors. Response times of comparable magnitude to those of enzyme sensors are reached only with kinetically controlled sensors. 

The performance of common multisensor arrays is ultimately determined by the properties of their constituent parts. Key parameters such as number, type and specificity of the sensors determine whether a specific instrument is suitable for a given application. The selection of an appropriate set of chemical sensors is of utmost importance if electronic nose classifications are to be utilised to solve an analytical problem. As this requires time and effort, the applicability of solid-state sensor technology is often limited. The time saved compared with classic analytical methods is questionable, since analysis times of electronic nose systems are generally influenced more by the sampling method utilised than the sensor response time [185]. 

This relation also holds in the presence of shallow traps since the ratio of trapped (wt) to free carriers (n) (nt > n) influences both the response time (r0)... 

CO sensor allows detection of CO in the presence of hydrocarbons and other adsorbable contaminants. The membrane Is usually chosen for Its ability to protect the sensing electrode. However, If It has low permeability to air, the sensor will have a slower response time. The electrolyte and counter electrode have also been reported as Influencing selectivity and device performance In the determination of hydrazines (5) and NO2 (9), respectively. Finally, materials of construction are typically Teflon and high-density plastics like polypropylene because such materials must be compatible with reactive gases and corrosive electrolytes. 

Factors influencing review times are not limited to agency review practices. Some factors creating delays in the review reflect back on the applicant. The quality of the application, the applicant s response time, the comprehensiveness of responses to the FDA reviewer s questions, and requests for additional data or analysis as a result of inadequate submissions as well as the applicant s ability to provide new data during the course of the review all influence the timeliness of the application review. 

Composite PPX PbO films produced by PVD cryochemical synthesis are sensitive sensors on humidity. The conductivity of the PPX film containing 10 vol.% of PbO nanoparticles sharply increases with the rise of air humidity. The influence of water vapors on the film conductivity is reversible at replacement of humid air on dry one the conductivity comes back quickly to an initial value for dry air and direct and reverse response times are 10 15 sec [89]. 

The current density is the key operational parameter, affecting not only the system s response time but also strongly influencing the dominant pollutant separation mode. The highest allowable current density may not be the most efficient mode of running the reactor. It is well known that the optimal current density will invariably involve a trade-off between operational costs and efficient use of the introduced coagulant. At the meantime, the current density depends on solution pH, temperature, flow rate, etc. 

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