Superior temporal gyrus

Nicotine modulated alertness-brain related activity in several brain regions, but did not significantly influence response times. In the visual condition, nicotine decreased alertness-brain activity in the right lateral posterior superior temporal gyrus. In the auditory modality, effects of nicotine were trial-specific decreased activation in frontal and occipitoparietal regions in warned trials and increased activation in unwarned trials. 

Deng and Huang (2005) Mq, M2, M4 Superior temporal gyrus Significant decrease of M, and M4 receptors trend reduction in M2 and M4 receptors... 

Deng C, Huang XF. 2005. Decreased density of muscarinic receptors in the superior temporal gyrus in schizophrenia. 

Visual cortex Frontal lobe Prefrontal cortex Olfactory bulb Prefrontal cortex Superior temporal gyrus Left middle temporal gyrus Left superior temporal gyrus... 

Superior Temporal Gyrus Structural Changes and Schizophrenia. 368... 

Volume measurements of the superior temporal gyrus in schizophrenia... 

Holinger DP, Shenton ME, Wible CG, Donino R, Kikinis R, et al. 1999. Superior temporal gyrus volume abnormalities and thought disorder in left-handed schizophrenic men. Am J Psych 156 1730-1735. 

Auditory cortex on the human posterior superior temporal gyrus. J Comp Neurol 416 79-92. 

Kasai K, Shenton ME, Salisbury DF, Hirayasu Y, Lee CU, et al. 2003a. Progressive decrease of left superior temporal gyrus gray matter volume in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 160(1) 156-164. 

Keshavan MS, Haas GL, Kahn CE, Aguilar E, Dick EL, et al. 1998. Superior temporal gyrus and the course of early schizophrenia Progressive, static, or reversible J Psychiatr Res 32(3 4) 161-167. 

Kim JJ, Crespo-Facorro B, Andreasen NC, O Leary DS, Magnotta V, et al. 2003. Morphology of the lateral superior temporal gyrus in neuroleptic naive patients with schizophrenia Relationship to symptoms. Schizophr Res 60(2-3) 173-181. 

Kulynych JJ, Vladar K, Jones DW, Weinberger DR. 1996. Superior temporal gyrus volume in schizophrenia A study using MRI morphometry assisted by surface rendering. Am J Psychiatry 153(1) 50-56. 

Matsumoto H, Simmons A, Williams S, Hadjulis M, Pipe R, et al. 2001. Superior temporal gyrus abnormalities in early-onset schizophrenia Similarities and differences with adult-onset schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 158(8) 1299-1304. 

McCarley RW, Salisbury DF, Hirayasu Y, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Tohen M, et al. 2002. Association between smaller left posterior superior temporal gyrus volume on magnetic resonance imaging and smaller left temporal P300 amplitude in first-episode schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 59(4) 321-331. 

McCarley RW, Shenton ME, O Donnell BF, Faux SF, Kikinis R, et al. 1993. Auditory P300 abnormalities and left posterior superior temporal gyrus volume reduction in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50(3) 190-197. 

Menon RR, Barta PE, Aylward EH, Richards SS, Vaughn DD, et al. 1995. Posterior superior temporal gyrus in schizophrenia Grey matter changes and clinical correlates. Schi-zophr Res 16(2) 127-135. 

Morosan P, Schleicher A, Amunts K, Zilles K. 2005. Multimodal architectonic mapping of human superior temporal gyrus. Anat Embryol (Berl) 210(5-6) 401-406. 

Pearlson GD. 1997. Superior temporal gyrus and planum temporale in schizophrenia A selective review. Prog Neu-ropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 21(8) 1203-1229. 

Rajarethinam RP, DeQuardo JR, Nalepa R, Tandon R. 2000. Superior temporal gyrus in schizophrenia A volumetric magnetic resonance imaging study. Schiz Res 41 303-312. 

Sweet RA, Dorph-Petersen KA, Lewis DA. 2005. Mapping auditory core, lateral belt, and parabelt cortices in the human superior temporal gyrus. J Comp Neurol 491(3) 270-289. 

Takahashi T, Suzuki M, Zhou SY, Tanino R, Hagino H, et al. 2006. Morphologic alterations of the parcellated superior temporal gyrus in schizophrenia spectrum. Schizophr Res 83(2-3) 131-143. 

Tune L, Barta P, Wong D, Powers RE, Pearlson G, et al. 1996. Striatal dopamine D2 receptor quantification and superior temporal gyrus Volume determination in 14 chronic schizophrenic subjects. Psychiatry Res 67(2) 155-158. 

Le Corre S, Harper CG, Lopez P, Ward P, Catts S. 2000. Increased levels of expression of an NMDARI splice variant in the superior temporal gyrus in schizophrenia. Neuroreport 11 983-986. 

H NMR spectroscopic imaging has been used to examine metabolite levels in the brains of 17 patients with first episode mood disorders with psychotic symptoms. Measurements of NAA, Cho and tCr were made in the hippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, superior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, occipital cortex, anterior and posterior cingulate, centrum semiovale, prefrontal white matter, thalamus and putamen. The ratio of NAA/Cho was significantly lower in patients compared to controls. Intracellular metabolites have been measured with NMR in 8 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Increased Glx in both frontal areas, and increased NAA and Cho in the right frontal area were measured in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subjects. 

The analysis-association process involves the processing of auditory, visual, and tactile stimuli into meaningful ideas known as semantics. This stimuli processing occurs in the cerebral cortex at the posterior portion of the dominant hemisphere s superior temporal gyrus, known as Wernicke s association area (Fig. Id). 

Fig. 1. Gross photograph of the brain of Case 2. Note simplified gyral pattern. Frontal lobe is short and opercularization is incomplete. The superior temporal gyrus is narrower than the mid-temporal gyrus. RT Right temporal lobe. Thick arrows point to leptomeningeal melanosis, (by permission of J. Neuropathol E cp. Neurol. 37, 723, 1978).

Fig. 4 A. Exploration of the right Sylvian fissure medial to the Sylvian vein (small arrows). The incision (arrow) is in the inferior portion of the insular sulcus, just medial to the superior temporal gyrus and lateral to the inferior trunk of the middle...

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