Intravenous solution

Pharmaceutical Industry. In the pharmaceutical industry, sterility of deionized water systems is maintained by using an ozone residual. The ozone residual concentration is maintained at >0.3 ppm ppm in the water recirculation loop. Prior to product compounding, the ozone residual is removed by contact with uvirradiaton for <1 s. Ozone also is used to oxidize pyrogens from distilled water destined for intravenous solutions. 

Pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals account for 6% of the Hquid-phase activated carbon consumption (74). Many antibiotics, vitarnins, and steroids are isolated from fermentation broths by adsorption onto carbon foUowed by solvent extraction and distillation (82). Other uses in pharmaceutical production include process water purification and removal of impurities from intravenous solutions prior to packaging (83). 

Patients who have suffered traumatic injuries must receive an immediate intravenous solution to combat the symptoms of shock and help maintain the pH of blood. 

Isotonic intravenous solutions contain 49 g/L of glucose (Cg Hi 2 Og). What is the osmotic pressure of blood ... 

Zidovudine (AZT, ZDV) Retrovi r 1 00-mg caps, 300-mg tabs, 1 0 mg/mF intravenous solution, 1 0 mg/mF oral solution 300 mg bid 1 00 mg tid in severe renal impairment or HD None Bone marrow suppression macrocytic anemia or neutropenia gastrointestinal intolerance, headache, insomnia, asthenia Glucuronyl transferase and renal... 

Intravenous solutions must be isosmotic (same osmotic pressure) with red blood cells. If red blood cells were to be exposed to an i.v. solution that was hypoosmotic (lower osmotic pressure), water would move into the cells causing them to swell and possibly lyse. If red blood cells were to be exposed to a hyperosmotic i.v. solution (higher osmotic pressure), water would move out of the cells causing them to dehydrate and shrink. Both of these conditions would damage the red blood cells and disrupt function. 

When an intravenous solution containing 0.2 g of a sulfa drug in 1 L of the solution is administered to a patient at the rate of 100 mL per hour, how many micrograms of the drug will the patient receive in a two-minute period ... 

A 1000-mL bag of intravenous solution contains 2.5 million units of ampicillin. How many units of the drug will have been infused after 6 hours with the flow rate of 1.2 mL/minute ... 

Fluid bags and containers for blood, plasma, intravenous solutions, urine incontinence... Blood vessels for artificial kidneys, heart and lung bypass sets. .. 

Inoue K, Higuchi T, Okada F, Iguchi H, Yoshimura Y, Sato A, Nakazawa H (2003) The validation of column-switching LC/MS as a high-throughput approach for direct analysis pf di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate released from PVC medical devices in intravenous solution. J Pharm Biomed Anal 31 1145-1152... 

Arabin, A., and Ostelius, J. (1980), Determination by electron-capture gas chromatography of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in intravenous solutions stored in poly(vinyl chloride) bags,/. Chromatogra. B, 193,405 412. 

Hayes P, Martin T, Pybus J. Aluminum content of intravenous solutions, additives and equipment used to prepare parenteral nutrition mixtures. Aust J Hosp Pharm 1992 22 353. 

Bioavailability studies for IVIVC development should be performed with enough subjects to characterize adequately the performance of the drug product under study. In prior acceptable data sets, the number of subjects has ranged from 6 to 36. Although crossover studies are preferred, parallel studies or cross-study analyses may be acceptable. The latter may involve normalization with a common reference treatment. The reference product in developing an IVIVC may be an intravenous solution, an aqueous oral solution, or an immediate release product. 

SA Cohen, KM DeAntonis. Applications of amino acid derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-Al-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate. Analysis of feed grains, intravenous solutions and glycoproteins. J Chromatogr A 661 25-34, 1994. 

Fujita M, Hatori N, Shimizu M, Yoshizu H, Segawa D, Kimura T, Iizuka Y, Tanaka S. Neutralization of prostaglandin El intravenous solution reduces infusion phlebitis. Angiology 2000 51(9) 719-23. 

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