Calendered film

Alkanesulfonates are widely used as an internal antistatic agent for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Since alkanesulfonates cause hazing of unplasticized PVC in the normally used quantities of 1.0 to 1.5 parts per hundred parts resin (phr), its main use is in the manufacture of opaque PVC-calendered film. To produce transparent unplasticized articles, the addition of alkanesulfonates should not exceed 0.3 phr. Figure 40 shows the antistatic effect of alkanesulfonates in PVC. 

This technique is commonly used to produce films of polyolefins for packaging and other applications, competing with cast and calendered films. Tlie thickness is commonly in the 2CU500 pm range but more rarely can be in the 10-800 pm range. 

It may be anticipated that some faults will be found in any film, and a specification will define to what extent faults will be tolerated in material intended for a particular purpose. Bearing in mind that the speed of the calendered film may be 100 m min -, many faults will not be visible—and it is necessary therefore either to have an automatic inspection system or a statistical plan for taking samples and making the measurements required. Normally, samples can be obtained only at the end of each production roll—which may mean that more than 1000 m have been made before a fault is detected. 

The 121 sample films were formulated into a replicate series. Those utilizing emulsion polymerized PVC were cast from plastisol onto glass plates and fused in a circulating hot air oven. Those incorporating suspension polymerized PVC were fluxed via a Banbury and two-roll compounding mill and finished on an inverted L 8-inch X 16-inch four-roll calender. Plastisol films were of nominal 8-mil thickness calendered film was 4 mils. 

Recent developments in calcium/zinc stabiliser systems used in plasticised PVC are discussed. Here, the term plasticised PVC (PVC-P) represents calendered film, calendered flooring, spread-coated flooring and the various plastisol product areas. Emphasis is placed on the European Market as it is here that the need for new... 

Use In calendering film, sheeting, vinyl dispersions, extrusions. 

Blood bags, which cannot be reused, could be made from a length of tubular film from the blown film process (Chapter 5), or they could be made from calendered film. 

Addition of impact modifier also frequently affects other properties than impact strength. It was already reported that filler intake can be increased and the rate of flow is increased. Addition of impact modifier lowers flame resistance of PVC (with the exception of when CPE is used) because impact modifiers are more flammable than PVC. Impact modifiers aid in dispersion of additives, modify the elasticity of melt, and enhance the processing window.Some impact modifiers help to improve the surface of calendered film and preserve the shape of molded and extruded products. At the same time, impact modifiers may increase die swell (e.g., Metablen P). 

Sulfide-resistant calendered film. [Data from Mark RFD. Technical data sheet. Cromptonl]... 

Typical formulation used in production of calendered film includes the following raw materials ... 

Film production is discussed in a separate section because it involves several different methods of production, although patents mostly involve calendered films. The application examples given in this section differ from examples given in the calendering section. Emphasis is given to application and film structure as it relates to application needs. 

Butyl benzyl phthalate, alkyl (C7-C9) benzyl phthalate, and Texanol benzyl phthalate are frequently selected to increase gloss of calendered films and to reduce fish eyes and other imperfections. Phosphate esters are selected for fire retardant, clear films having low temperature flexibility. 

Plasticized polyvinyl chloride Shoes, hoses, rotor-molded hollow articles such as balls and other toys, calendered films for raincoats and tablecloths, etc. 

Calendered film and sheet n. Rolled film and sheet. 

The organophosphoric acid metal salt nucleating agents, available from Asahi Denka Kogyo, under trade names of Adekastab NA-11 and Adekastab NA-21 are useful in production of polypropylene calendered film. Quantity of the nucleating agent used was... 

Flexible PVC 20-60 phr of 3 micron Fine fillers cause less decrease in physical properties at the same loading and provide better performance in thinner calendered films and coatings. 

Controlled rheology grades of PP have been used in the production of calendered PP films [29]. Compared with conventional reactor grade material, the reduced molecular weight distribution of PP provides better flow and a slow rate of crystallisation, giving better processibility and films free from surface defects. However, the optical quality of the calendered film does not reach that of extruded film. The poor thermal oxidation resistance of PP in the presence of air is the major impediment in use of PP as a calendering material. 

Polyethylene waxes A-C Polyethylene 6A Allied Chemical Corp., Specialty Chemical Division E Multiscrew pipe and profile extrusions (paraffin was replacement at lower levels) flexible calendered film and sheet... 

MAJOR PRODUCT APPLICATIONS bath oils, BMC composites, bottles, calendered film, chewing gum, cosmetics, eye shadows, foams, food, in-mold coating, labels, lens, make-up bases, membranes, molding, lipsticks, optical media, pharmaceuticals, sheet molding, toys ... 

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