Grain weevils

CC12 149-150 Grain weevils Coleoptera Equal to DDT Inferior to DDT (86)... 

Richards, O.W. 1947. Observations on grain-weevils, Calandra (Col. Curculionidae). I. General biology and opposition. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 117, 1-43. 

Penicillium in cheese or cheese casings, green coffee dust, Botrytis cinerea on grapes, Aspergillus oryzae in soy sauce, grain weevils, carmine... 

Ridgway, C., Chambers, J. and Cowe, I. (1999) Detection of grain weevils inside single wheat kernels by a very near infrared two-wavelength model../. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 7, 213-21. 

Vejrazka et al. (2008) confirmed good insecticidal effect of carvone against the grain weevil (Sitophillus granarius) and they detected the limit concentrations. 

Lloyd, C.J. and Parkin, R.A. (1963). Further studies on a pyrethnim resistant strain of the grain weevil. Sisttphilu s nimiriit. (I..). J.. Sri. hhexl Agric. 9. 655-663. 

Parkin, E. A. and Lloyd, C. J (1960). Selection of a pyre thrum- resistant strain uf the grain weevil. Calandm granarta L. / Set. Food Auric. 8. 471 477. 

Toxicant T, caslaneum (flour beetle) Pyrcthrin-resistant 5. granariui (grain weevil) ... 

Chambers, J., McKevitt, N.J., and Stubbs, M.R. 1984. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for studying the development and detection of the grain weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae), within wheat kernels. Bull. Entomol. Res. 74, 707-724. 

Biebel R, Rametzhofer E, Klapal H, Polheim D, Viernstein H. 2003. Action of pyrethrum-based formulations against grain weevils. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 256 175-181. 

However, loss reduction is not the sole aim of plant protection. Certain rust and smut fungi not only damage crops, but also produce metabolites toxic to human beings and domestic animals. The chitin shield of the grain weevil contains carcinogenic compounds, quinones, which may appear in the flour prepared from the infested cereal. 

C H2203, Mr 202.29, [a] +3.0° (CHCI3), liquid. Aggregation pheromone of the male grain weevil Sito-philus granarius formed from two propionate units see also sitophilure. 

Although fipronil has a chiral, asymmetric sulfoxide group, studies have shown that there are no significant differences in activity between the two enantiomers on cotton Stainer Dysdercus cingulatus), grain weevil Sitophilus granarius) or house fly Musca domestica) [98]. 

A mixture of free sterols, steryl ferulates, and diglycerides from rice grain were found to induce oviposition of the rice grain weevil, Sitophilus zeamais. When the individual components of the mixture were tested separately, however, they repelled the female from egg laying (Harbome, 1987). 

Hollow grains. Sudden heating of the grain. Weevils found a few feet below the surface of stored grain. 

Ferguson, J. and Piri, H. 1948. The toxicity of vapours to the grain weevil. Ann. Appl. Biol. 35 ... 

FIGURE 6.2 Main stored-grain weevils and beetles of the Coleoptera order... 155... 

The conunon belief that the integument of insects is penetrated faster by chlorinated insecticides than is mammalian skin has been disproved (O Brien, 1967). It has been found that, when grain-weevils were exposed to deposits of BHC and its three isomers, the y-isomer penetrated about fifty times more rapidly than a-P-, or 5-isomers. Hence the y-isomer was accumulated in far greater quantity, and only it was toxic (Armstrong, Bradbury and Standen, 1951). 

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