Of fungal origin

P. Albersheim and B. S. Valent, Host-pathogen interactions in plants—Plants, when exposed to oligosaccharides of fungal origin, defend themselves by accumulating antibiotics, J. Cell. Biol., 78 (1978) 627-643. 

All the pectin lyases so far described are of fungal origin and are secreted extracellularly. Production of pectin lyase by Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, and Fusarium oxysporum f. lycopersici was induced by pectate with D-glucose,265 pectin showing a lower inductive effect.231... 

Jalal MAF, Mocharla R, van der Helm D (1984) Separation of Ferrichromes and Other Hydroxamate Siderophores of Fungal Origin by Reversed-phase Chromatography. J Chro-matogr 301 247... 

Fungal enzymes have been used for hundreds of year to prepare and modify foodstuffs. However, modern industrial enzyme technology probably started with Takamine (53) and his work with A. oryzae. Today many industrial enzymes used to modify functional properties of foods and food ingredients are of fungal origin (54). 

Ciclosporin is of fungal origin it is a cyclic peptide composed of 11, in part atypical, amino acids. Therefore, orally administered ciclosporin is not degraded by gastrointestinal proteases. InT-helper cells, it inhibits the production of interleukin-2 by interfering at the level of transcriptional regulation. Normally, nuclear factor of activated T cells, (NFAT) promotes the expression of interleu-kin-2. This requires dephosphorylation of the precursor, phosphorylated NFAT, by the phosphatase calcineurin, enabling NFAT to enter the cell nucleus from the cytosol. Ciclosporin binds to the protein cyclophilin in the cell interior the complex inhibits calcineurin, hence the production of interleukin-2. 

Boubendir, A. (1993). Purification and biochemical evaluation of polyurethane degrading enzymes of fungal origin. Dissertation Abstracts International, 53, 4632. 

The biodegradation of cellulose is caused by enzymes known as cellulases [471-475]. Cellu-lases are produced by many microorganisms (bacteria and fungi). The most widely studied cellulases are of fungal origin, e.g., Trichoderma [471,473]. The cellulose-digesting bacteria of the rumen are a complex anaerobic community [476,477]. 

Cyclosporine is a hydrophobic cyclic peptide of fungal origin and is composed of 11 amino acid residues. The structure of cyclosporine shows that all of the constituent amino acids are aliphatic (Figure 12.15). UV absorbance at 210 nm is due to the amide bonds in the molecule and is consequently not as intense or distinctive as that of many drugs containing aromatic rings. Development of cyclosporine as a pharmaceutical occurred in the 1970s, a period when HPLC/UV, but not LC/MS, methods were... 

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