Borax , reaction with

The hydrolysis of nitriles to carboxylic acids is one of the best methods for the preparation of these compounds. Nearly all nitriles give the reaction, with either acidic or basic catalysts. Hydrolysis of cyanohydrins, RCH(OH)CN, is usually carried out under acidic conditions, because basic solutions cause competing reversion of the cyanohydrin to the aldehyde and CN . However, cyanohydrins have been hydrolyzed under basic conditions with borax or alkaline borates. ... 

Boric acid is produced from borax, colemanite, or other inorganic borates by reaction with sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, and cooling the solution to proper temperature ... 

Most of the work on the boric acid-diol reaction during the last twenty years has been done to determine the coordination number of the diol (number of diol molecules) in the complex and to evaluate the equilibrium constant (often called a stability constant) for a number of diol-boric acid reactions. Several techniques have been used to study these questions, including polarimetry (7), optical rotatory dispersion (8), polarography (9), conductivity (3), vapor pressure osmometry (10), and electrochemistry (II, 12, 13). The most frequently studied system has been the electrochemical (pH) titration of boric acid or borax solutions with various diols. 

MERCURIC BICHLORIDE (7487-94-7) HgClj Contact with acids or acid fumes evolves chloride and mercury vapors. Possible violent reaction with chlorine nitrate, sodium acetylide. Incompatible with albumin, alkalis, alkaloid salts, anhydrous ammonia, antimony, arsenic, borax, bromides, carbonates, chloric acid, copper, formates, gelatin, hydrozoic acid, infusions of cinchona, iron, lead and silver salts, lime water, light metals, methyl isocyanoacetate, oak bark or senna, phosphates, potassium, reduced iron, sodiiun, sodium peroxyborate, sulfides, sulfites, tannic acids, trinitrobenzoic acid, urea nitrate, vegetable astringents. Decomposed by sunlight. On small fires, use water spray, fog, foam, dry chemical powder, or CO2 extinguishers. 

PERCHLORIDE of MERCURY (7487-94-7) HgCl, Contact with acids or acid fumes evolves chloride and mercury vapors. Possible violent reaction with chlorine nitrate, sodium acetylide. Incompatible with albumin, alkalis, alkaloid salts, anhydrous ammonia, antimony, arsenic, borax, bromides, carbonates, chloric acid, copper, formates, gelatin, hydrozoic acid, infusions... 

ZIRCAT (7440-67-7) Finely divided material is spontaneously flammable in air may ignite and continue to bum under water. Violent reactions with oxidizers, alkali hydroxides, alkali metals (and their compounds), carbon tetrachloride, cupric oxide, lead, lead oxide, lead peroxide (combined material can burn explosively, and is sensitive to friction and static electricity), nitryl fluoride, oxygen difluoride, phosphoms, potassium, potassium compounds (potassium chlorate, potassium nitrate), sodium borate, sodium hydroxide. Explodes if mixed with hydrated borax when heated. Contact with lithium chromate may cause explosion above 752°F/450°C. Forms explosive mixture with potassium chlorate. Dusts of zirconium ignite and explode in a carbon dioxide atmosphere. Contact with ammonium-V-nitrosophenylhydroxylamine above 104°F/40°C forms an explosive material. Incompatible with boron, carbon, nitrogen, halogens, lead, platinum, potassium nitrate. In case of fire, use approved Class D extinguishers or smothering quantities of dry sand, crushed limestone, clay. 

Temporary hard water may be made soft by removing the excess of carbonic acid, which preserves the acid carbonate from decomposition, by boiling the water, as stated above, or by neutralizing the acid with a base, such as ammonium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide. Both kinds of hard water may be softened by the addition of a reagent which will form an insoluble compound by reaction with the salt which is causing the hardness. Borax is often used for this purpose. 

As already mentioned, a-Al203 is very inert and resists most aqueous acids and alkalis. Fused caustic alkalis attack alumina slowly, forming aluminates. In analysing alumina, in order to ensure complete reaction it is necessary to fuse with borax or with sodium peroxide. 

Borax reacts with copper(II) oxide on strong heating to form sodium metaborate and copper(II) metaborate. Write a balanced chemical equation describing this reaction. 

Orthoboric acid, also called boracic or boric acid, is usually made by precipitation from a solution of borax on treatment with sulfuric acid. The acid is a solid at room temperature and is only sparingly soluble in water. Dilute aqueous solutions are often used as mild antiseptics. Orthoboric acid is a very weak Lewis acid that, on reaction with water, produces hydronium ions as follows ... 

The reported physical constants of L-arabitol agree with those of the D-form except that the rotation in borax solution is somewhat smaller (Wd 5.4° (17). It does not occur naturally and has been prepared by the reduction of L-arabinose (18) and by employing the Cannizzaro reaction with L-arabinose in the presence of nickel (19). 

The various structures suggested for polyol borate complexes all postulate the formation of cyclic systems. It is probable, therefore, that conformational analysis (p. 40) can be used to elucidate the patterns followed by the various polyols in their reactions with borax. Such analysis has not been made, although some progress has been made in the analogous case of the cyclic acetals 102),... 

It can also produce peroxoanions by reaction with anions for example, reaction with borax leads to sodium perborate, a bleach used in laundry detergents ... 

Na2B407 10 H2O (borax) is converted to B(OH)3 by reaction with H2SO4. When heated strongly, B(OH)3 is converted to B2O3. A variety of boron-containing compounds and boron itself can be prepared from B2O3. 

Chemical Properties. Trimethylpentanediol, with a primary and a secondary hydroxyl group, enters into reactions characteristic of other glycols. It reacts readily with various carboxyUc acids and diacids to form esters, diesters, and polyesters (40). Some organometaUic catalysts have proven satisfactory for these reactions, the most versatile being dibutyltin oxide. Several weak bases such as triethanolamine, potassium acetate, lithium acetate, and borax are effective as stabilizers for the glycol during synthesis (41). 

Inorganic Esters. Boric acid and borax form cycHc esters with poly(vinyl alcohol) (85—100). The reaction is markedly sensitive to pH, boric acid concentration, and the cation-to-boron ratio. An insoluble gel is formed at pH above 4.5—5.0 ... 

When granulated borax or borax-containing Hquors are treated with sulfuric acid, the following reaction ensues ... 

Na2B0402 10H2O, and cmde oil residue (41) in a rotary kiln heated to 1038°C. Borax is fed at the rate of 1360 kg/h and sprayed with 635 kg/h of 17% residue cmde oil. The heated mixture then reacts with CI2 at 760°C in a separate reactor to yield BCl. On a smaller scale, BCl can be prepared by the reaction of CI2 and a mixture of boron oxide [1303-86-2] 2 3 coke, and lampblack in a fluidized bed (42). Other methods for the preparation... 

Sihcon carbide is comparatively stable. The only violent reaction occurs when SiC is heated with a mixture of potassium dichromate and lead chromate. Chemical reactions do, however, take place between sihcon carbide and a variety of compounds at relatively high temperatures. Sodium sihcate attacks SiC above 1300°C, and SiC reacts with calcium and magnesium oxides above 1000°C and with copper oxide at 800°C to form the metal sihcide. Sihcon carbide decomposes in fused alkahes such as potassium chromate or sodium chromate and in fused borax or cryohte, and reacts with carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ak, and steam. Sihcon carbide, resistant to chlorine below 700°C, reacts to form carbon and sihcon tetrachloride at high temperature. SiC dissociates in molten kon and the sihcon reacts with oxides present in the melt, a reaction of use in the metallurgy of kon and steel (qv). The dense, self-bonded type of SiC has good resistance to aluminum up to about 800°C, to bismuth and zinc at 600°C, and to tin up to 400°C a new sihcon nitride-bonded type exhibits improved resistance to cryohte. 

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