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Reactions with anions

Sn2 reactions with anionic nucleophiles fall into this class, and observations are generally in accord with the qualitative prediction. Unusual effects may be seen in solvents of low dielectric constant where ion pairing is extensive, and we have already commented on the enhanced nucleophilic reactivity of anionic nucleophiles in dipolar aprotic solvents owing to their relative desolvation in these solvents. Another important class of ion-molecule reaction is the hydroxide-catalyzed hydrolysis of neutral esters and amides. Because these reactions are carried out in hydroxy lie solvents, the general medium effect is confounded with the acid-base equilibria of the mixed solvent lyate species. (This same problem occurs with Sn2 reactions in hydroxylic solvents.) This equilibrium is established in alcohol-water mixtures ... [Pg.409]

The relations 4- > 2-position in rate and 4- < 2-position in will apparently apply to reactions with anions, but the reverse relation is observed in piperidination, presumably due to 2-substitution being favored by hydrogen bonding in the zwitterionic transition state (cf. 47, 59, and 277) or by solvent-assisted proton removal from the intermediate complex (235). Substitutions of polychloroquino-lines (in which there is a combined effect of azine-nitrogen and unequal mutual activation of the chlorine substituents) also show 4- > 2-position in reactivity contrary statements are documented by these same references. Examples are cited below of the relation 2- > 4-position when a protonated substrate or a cyclic transition state is involved. [Pg.364]

With respect to the ionic liquid s cation the situation is quite different, since catalytic reactions with anionic transition metal complexes are not yet very common in ionic liquids. However, an imidazolium moiety as an ionic liquid cation can act as a ligand precursor for the dissolved transition metal. Its transformation into a lig-... [Pg.222]

As a polycation, chitosan spontaneously forms macromolecular complexes upon reaction with anionic polyelectrolytes. These complexes are generally water-insoluble and form hydrogels [90,91]. A variety of polyelectrolytes can be obtained by changing the chemical structure of component polymers, such as molecular weight, flexibility, fimctional group structure, charge density, hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, stereoregularity, and compatibility, as... [Pg.158]

Formation from Other Group-IIIB Compounds 6.5.S.2. by Reaction with Anionic Metal Bases... [Pg.85]

Americium will occur in soil in the trivalent state. The transformations that may occur would involve complexation with inorganic and organic ligands (see Section 6.3.1) and precipitation reactions with anions and other substances present in the soil solution. The 241 Am occurring as an ingrowth progeny of 241Pu and trapped in a plutonium matrix will exhibit solubility and biokinetic characteristics of the plutonium, rather than americium. [Pg.166]

In order to elucidate the importance of reactions with anionic species, reactions of N2Oj with the anions X (H20)n, where 0 < n < 5 and X = O, OH, 02, H02, and 03, at several temperatures within the range 164-298 K were also studied. The ions O (H2O)ll=0 2, OH (H2Oi1=0 2, O2(H2O)n=01, HO2(H2O)n=01, and 03 react with N205 at the collision rate to form mainly bare N03 the larger hydrates of the reactant anions lead to production of the hydrated species N03(H20)m, which can react further with N205 to form N03 HN03. [Pg.220]

Tetrachlorocyclopropene is another building block for [3]radialenes (Scheme 7). Its reaction with anions of active methylene compounds such as malononitrile... [Pg.939]

A variety of substrates have been noted to serve in the reaction with anionic forms of the parent oxyacid. These include the following in particular ... [Pg.51]

A significant recent report of epoxides in reaction with anionic trivalent phosphorus is of general use for synthetic purposes. Dialkyl phosphite anions react with the less substituted oxirane carbon of arylsulfonyl epoxides to generate in good yield the corresponding 0-ketophosphonates (Equation 3.12).188... [Pg.54]

Quaternary ammonium salts are generally stable under neutral or acidic conditions up to 150°C, but decomposition can occur with the quaternary ammonium ion acting as an alkylating agent in its reaction with anions (Scheme 1.1). Soft nucleophiles, such as RS, are more reactive with tetra-n-butylammonium bromide and benzyltriethylammonium chloride, although the latter salt also C-benzylates phenyl-acetonitrile under basic conditions [46], These side reactions are considerably slower than the main catalysed reactions with, for example, a haloalkane and the amount of unwanted impurity in the final alkylated product is never greater than the amount of catalyst used (i.e. generally > 2%). Harder anions, e.g. R2N and RO, rarely react with the ammonium salts. [Pg.5]

Mercury(I) nitrate undergoes double decomposition reactions with anions in aqueous solution, forming corresponding mercury(l) salts. With potassium iodide and sodium bromide, yellow mercury(l) iodide and white mercury(I) bromide precipitate, respectively. Similarly, mercury(l) nitrate in acid medium reacts with dilute sulfuric acid to form mercury(1) sulfate ... [Pg.574]

Cationic mononuclear metal complexes, reaction with anionic carbonyl clusters, 30 155-158... [Pg.41]

Since movement within the solvation shell in these complexes is relatively sluggish, it is postulated that a complex remains activated only long enough to react with its immediate environment, the inner solvation shell. In the reaction with anionic species, a situation can be reached in which nearly all of the substrate is in the form of the maximum ion aggregate. Any increase in the anion concentration in the bulk solvent will not change the immediate environment of nearly all the substrate and, therefore, will not effect the reaction rate. In this way a limiting rate can be independent of the concentration of added anionic reagent, irrespective of the actual mechanism of the actual act of substitution. [Pg.12]

H. Reactions with Anions of Chiral Oxazolidinones and Derivatives with... [Pg.437]

One more method of determining the form of the function f(R) is based on approximating the experimental kinetics with the help of some equation. For example, the kinetics of the trapped electrons decay with respect to the reaction with anion radicals O in the irradiated water alkaline matrices (see Chap. 6, Sect. 2.2) is well described by the equation... [Pg.153]


See other pages where Reactions with anions is mentioned: [Pg.285]    [Pg.291]    [Pg.321]    [Pg.182]    [Pg.183]    [Pg.201]    [Pg.57]    [Pg.57]    [Pg.58]    [Pg.58]    [Pg.59]    [Pg.60]    [Pg.61]    [Pg.85]    [Pg.86]    [Pg.22]    [Pg.592]    [Pg.4]    [Pg.40]    [Pg.109]    [Pg.197]    [Pg.60]    [Pg.273]    [Pg.158]    [Pg.158]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.702 ]




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1.2.4- Triphosphole anion, reaction with

1.2.4- Triphospholyl anions, reaction with

1.2.4- Triphospholyl anions, reaction with CUMULATIVE , VOLUMES

2-Azapentadienyl anion reaction with carbonyl compounds

3- Methyl-5-nitropyrimidin-4- -one reaction with enolate anions

Acetylide anions reactions with alkyl halides

Acetylide anions reactions with epoxides

Acid chlorides, reaction with alkyne anions

Acid-base equilibria anion reaction with water

Acid-dissociation constant anion reaction with

Acyl anion equivalents, reactions with

Acyl anion equivalents, reactions with carbonyls

Aldehydes enolate anions, reaction with

Aldehydes, reaction with alkyne anions

Aldehydes, reaction with amide enolate anions

Aldehydes, reaction with dithiane anions

Aldehydes, reaction with malonate anions

Alkyne anions reaction with alkyl halides

Alkyne anions reaction with aryl halides

Alkyne anions reaction with epoxides

Alkynes, anions, reaction with

Allyl anions, calculations reactions with

Allyl reaction with anionic chromium complex

Allylic anions 1,4-addition reaction with conjugated enones

Allylic anions reaction with electrophiles

Amide anion, reaction with heterocycles

Anhydrides, reaction with enolate anions

Anion radical reactions with organic

Anion reaction with water

Anion reactions with organic halides

Anion, reaction with aryl halides

Anionic nitrogen reactions with

Anions reaction with benzyne

Anions reaction with bromine

Anions reaction with electrophiles

Anions toluenesulfonyl chloride, reaction with

Anions trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, reaction with

Boranes reaction with hydroperoxide anion

Butenolide anions reactions with acetals

Carbonylate anions, reaction with silicon

Carbonylate anions, reaction with silicon halides

Carboxylate anion reaction with methyl alcohol

Carboxylate anions cations, reaction with

Chlorotrimethylsilane reaction with enolate anions

Conjugated compounds, reaction with enolate anions

Conjugated compounds, reaction with hydroperoxide anion

Disulfides reaction with enolate anions

Dithiane anions reaction with alkyl halides

Dithiane anions reaction with epoxides

Dithianes anions, reaction with carbonyls

Electron-transfer reactions with carbonyl anions

Enantiomerization during Reactions of Activated -Alkoxycarbonylamino Acids with Amino Acid Anions

Enolate anions reaction with acyl halides

Enolate anions reaction with alkyl halides

Enolate anions reaction with esters

Enolate anions, addition reactions nucleophilic displacements with

Enolate anions, amide, reaction with

Enolate anions, amino-esters, reaction with

Enolate anions, chloro-esters, reaction with

Enolate anions, cyano esters, reaction with

Enolate anions, dianions reaction with alkyl halides

Enolate anions, dianions, reaction with

Enolate anions, ester reaction with acid chlorides

Enolate anions, esters, reaction with aldehydes

Enolate anions, esters, reaction with alkyl halides

Enolate anions, esters, reaction with imines

Enolate anions, esters, reaction with nitriles

Enolate anions, lactams, reaction with

Enolate anions, lactones, reaction with

Enolate anions, malonate, reaction with

Enolate anions, malonate, reaction with halides

Enolate anions, malonate, reaction with ketones

Enolate anions, malonic acid, reaction with

Enolate anions, malonic acid, reaction with aldehydes

Enolate anions, nitro compounds, reaction with

Enolate anions, nitro compounds, reaction with aldehydes

Enolate anions, reaction with allylic esters

Esters reaction with ketone enolate anions

Germyl anions reaction with

Halides reaction with radical anions

Halides, alkyl reaction with acetoacetic ester anions

Halides, alkyl reaction with amide anions

Halides, alkyl reaction with hydrazone anions

Halides, alkyl reaction with ketone enolate anions

Halides, alkyl reaction with malonate anions

Halides, aryl reaction with amide anions

Halides, aryl reaction with enolate anions

Hydride anions reactions with

Hydroperoxide anions reaction with borane

Hydroxyl reaction with inorganic anions

Imines reactions with a-silylbenzylic anions

Iminium salts reactions with halogen-substituted allylic anions

Inorganic anions, reactions with

Ketones, reaction with alkyne anions

Ketones, reaction with dithiane anions

Ketones, reaction with enolate anions

Lead halides reactions with transition metal anion

Lithium, a-selenoalkylacyl anion equivalents reactions with carbonyl compounds

Microdroplets, mass transfer and reaction rates ion-pair extraction of anionic surfactant with

Organoarsenic anions, reactions with metal

Organoarsenic anions, reactions with metal halides

Oxazine anions, reaction with alkyl halides

Oxazine anions, reaction with alkyl halides alkylation

Oxygen molecule reaction with cluster anions

Oxygen reaction with polymeric anions

Perfluorobenzenes reactions with anions

Phosphoramidate anions reactions with

Phosphorus reaction with phosphide anions

Plumbyl anions reactions with

Polyaromatic compounds, reaction with dimsyl anion

Propyne, l,3-bis dilithium anion reaction with aliphatic carbonyl compounds

Pyridine reaction with amide anion

Pyrrole anions, reaction with carbon

REACTIONS OF ENOLATE ANIONS WITH ELECTROPHILES

Radical anions reactions with

Radical anions reactions with electrophiles

Reaction of anion with monomer

Reaction of diazonium salts with nitrite anion

Reaction with Anionic Metal Bases

Reaction with enolate anions

Reaction with hydroperoxide anion

Reaction with malonate anion

Reaction with nitrile enolate anions

Reaction with nitro anions

Reaction with sulfone anions

Reaction with thiol anions

Reaction with vinyl sulfide anions

Reactions With Nine-Atom Deltahedral Zintl Anions of Tin

Reactions of 0 anion radicals with electron donors

Reactions of Anionic Complexes with Organic Halides

Reactions of Epoxides with Anionic Nucleophiles

Reactions of Metal Anions with Halosilanes

Reactions of NO anion radical with electron acceptors

Reactions of Silyl Anions with Metal Halides

Reactions of anions with electrophiles

Reactions of anions with water

Reactions with alkyl pentacarbonyl carbene anions

Reactions with superoxide anion

Salt solutions anion reaction with

Salt solutions anion reaction with water

Secondary alkyl halides acetylide anion reactions with

Silyl anions reaction with

Silyl anions reaction with imines

Stannyl anions reaction with

Sulfones anions, reaction with alkyl halides

Sulfur reaction with anionic sites

Superoxide anion radical reaction with FADH

Superoxide anion reaction with nitric oxide

The Role of Redox Processes in Reactions Catalyzed by Nickel and Palladium Complexes with Anionic Pincer Ligands

Thiophenol anion reaction with halides

Tosyl, reaction with enolate anions

Trialkyl germanium reaction with anionic molybdenum and tungsten

Trialkyl germanium reaction with anionic vanadium complexes

Tunneling reactions of biphenyl anion radical with electron acceptor organic molecules

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