Bone marrow fibrosis

Figure 4. Patient N., 57 years, dose of exposure -370 mSv. Staining - azure- Il-eosin, x 400. Bone marrow fibrosis with myeloid dysplasia.

Bone marrow fibrosis Bone marrow fibrosis is a complication of CRF and may be related to secondary hyperparathyroidism or unknown factors. 

Non-response to epoetin alfa therapy should prompt a search for causative factors. These include iron, folate, or vitamin B12 deficiency aluminium intoxication intercurrent infections inflammatory or traumatic episodes occult blood loss haemolysis and bone marrow fibrosis of any origin. 

ROD progresses insidiously for several years before patients become symptomatic. When symptoms such as bone pain and skeletal fractures occur, the disease is not easily amenable to treatment. Bone marrow fibrosis and decreased hematopoiesis are also consequences of severe osteitis fibrosa cystica. Therefore preventative measures should be initiated in patients in the early stages of CKD (GFR <60 mL/min). 

Thrombopoietin-receptor agonists have proved helpful in several clinical situations however, concerns of leu-kaemic transformation in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, clinical significance of bone marrow fibrosis and thrombosis are areas for further study [144-146 ]. 

M usculoskeletal Effects. Accidental exposure of a worker to 241 Am resulted in histological signs of fibrosis, bone cell depletion, and bone marrow atrophy. Degenerative changes in bone have also been observed in animals acutely exposed to 241 Am via inhalation and intravenous administration. 

Musculoskeletal Effects. Information regarding musculoskeletal effects in humans is limited to the findings of bone marrow peritrabecular fibrosis and decreased cellularity in bone samples taken from the corpse of a 64-year-old man who had been exposed to 241 Am (11 years earlier) when an ion-exchange column containing about 100 g of241 Am exploded in his face (Priest et al. 1995). The explosion resulted in... 

Hashimoto N, Jin H, Liu T, Chensue SW, Phan SH. Bone marrow-derived progenitor cells in pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2004 113(2) 243-252. 

Busulfan -alkylating agent -bone marrow suppression—can have prolonged nadir -ovarian suppression -seizures -hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), particularly at BMT doses -interstitial pulmonary fibrosis -hyperpigmentation (particularly skin creases and nail beds)... 

Lomustine (CCNU) -nitrosourea alkylating agent cell cycle independent -bone marrow suppression (delayed, prolonged, and cumulative) -nausea and vomiting -pulmonary fibrosis Lung Cancer... 

Beagle dog inhalation "CeCl, AMAD t.5-2,4 ion a, 1.6-2.1 13-16 mos 70 life span (in progress) death, bone marrow aplasia and pancytopenia, radiation pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic necrosis 11/48 Yes pulmonary adenoma, bronchtogenic adenocarcinoma 3/48 Yes he man- Yes giocarcinoma osteosarcoma, 6/48 leukemia 3/34 (primary) Benjamin et al. (1972b 1976c) Merickel et al. (1978)... 

Extra-articular involvement may include rheumatoid nodules, vasculitis, pleural effusions, pulmonary fibrosis, ocular manifestations, pericarditis, cardiac conduction abnormalities, bone marrow suppression, and lym-phadenopathy. 

To date, cellular and gene therapy products submitted to FDA have included clinical studies indicated for bone marrow marking, cancer, cystic fibrosis, AIDS, and inborn errors of metabolism and infectious diseases. Of the current active INDs approximately 78% have been sponsored by individual investigators or academic institutions and 22% have also been industry sponsored. In addition to the variety of clinical indications the cell types have also been varied. Examples include tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and lymphocyte activated killer (LAK) cells, selected cells from bone marrow and peripheral blood lymphocytes, for example, stem cells, myoblasts, tumor cells and encapsulated cells (e.g., islet cells and adrenal chromaffin cells). 

Kudo M, Wang Y, Wani MA, Xu M, Ayub A, Ashraf M. Implantation of bone marrow stem cells reduces the infarction and fibrosis in ischemic mouse heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2003 35 1113-1119. 

Chinese hamster ovary cells. The number of aberrant metaphases increased in cultures with 15 mL tobacco extract per milliliter of growth media Water extract of the dried leaf, administered to mice at a dose of 9.40 g/kg, 6 days a week for 10 months, was active on bone marrow. A combination of Piper betle, Areca catechu, and Nicotiana tabacum was used . Seed, administered orally to adults with oral cancer and oral submucosal fibrosis and to healthy chewers, was active. An average of 6 quids of tobacco leaf, Areca nuts, and lime were chewed daily T . ... 

Contraindications Bone marrow aplasia, historyofgold-induced pathologies (including blood dyscrasias, exfoliative dermatitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and pulmonary fibrosis), severe blood dyscrasias... 

Adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, pulmonary fibrosis, dermatitis, hepatotoxicity, seizures, amenorrhoea, azoospermia, peripheral neuropathy and bone marrow depression. 

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