Bog soils

As with other factors, no direct statements can be made relating the reaction of a soil to its corrosive properties. Extremely acid soils (pH 4 0 and lower) can cause rapid corrosion of bare metals of most types. This degree of acidity is not common, being limited to certain-bog soils and soils made acid by large accumulations of acidic plant materials such as needles in a coniferous forest. Most soils range from pH5 0 to pH8 0, and corrosion rates are apt to depend on many other environmental factors rather than soil reaction per se. The 45-year study of underground corrosion conducted by the United States Bureau of Standards included study of the effect of soils of varying pH on different metals, and extensive data were reported. 

The ground water from well 6 (site 1) yielded both the most depleted S13C and most enriched 834S. Isotopic compositions of this dual nature are consistent with methanogenesis and bacterial sulfate reduction, arising form interaction with organic-rich (bog) soils from below. 

Histosol Gr. histos, tissue Bog soils, organic soils, peat, and muck. No climatic distinctions... 

This is a zone of poorly drained alluvial-lacustrine plains, where features of continental salt accumulation are clearly expressed. Broad-Leafed Aspen Forest and Meadow Steppe ecosystems on Phaeozems and Chernozems with association with meadow-bog soils and Solods are characteristic of this region. 

A low redox potential - as in bog soils -leads to the formation of H2S, which may be bound to sulfides of iron or may volatilize. Fe-sulfides are the cause for the black color in reduction zones of soils. Sulfide is the stable form under strong reducing conditions, but when changing to aerobic conditions sulfuric acid is formed, and this leads to soil acidification. Both the oxidation and reduction of sulfur compounds involve autotrophic bacteria (sulfur bacteria). 

Bog soils, commonly described as peat or muck, are discussed in some detail in Chapters 29 and 30, but need to be mentioned here because most of the chemical studies of humus have been made on humus extracted from these soils rather than from mineral soils. This is in some respects unfortunate because humus from the two sources is not exactly the same, although similar. Bog humus is used in such studies chiefly for practical reasons it is more readily obtained in quantity from peat or muck soils and contains much less clay. In mineral soils much of the 1—5% humus usually present is there in stable combinations with the inorganic portion of the soil and cannot be removed except by very drastic chemical treatments that may markedly decompose or otherwise change the organic matter. 

Extracts of certain soils, especially of muck and bog soils, and sometimes of forest soils (Persidsky and Wilde, 1954) have frequently been shown to be toxic. Toxicity in such cases may be either of chemical or microbial origin depending both upon the soil itself and on the conditions under which it existed in nature. In fact, some of the first work on toxicity was done by Schreiner and Shorey in 1909 when they attempted to explain the low productivity of certain soils. They isolated dehydroxystearic acid and vanillin and showed them to be toxic to plants in aqueous solution. Undoubtedly they overemphasized the practical importance of these compounds, but they at least demonstrated at an early date that toxic organic materials do exist in soils. 

The authors point out that organic, or bog, soils present many land-use problems such as those connected with market gardening, farming, wildlife preservation, water conservation, control of floods and erosion, and use as sources of organic matter for soil improvement. The character of the surface material, profile, mineral substratum, and ground-water conditions determine the suitability of the soils for special crops such as onions and celery, or for grain and livestock farming. 

Grauby, A., and A. Saas. 1974. Reclamation of saline, waterlogged and bog soils. The changes in the soils under the impact of reclamation, pp. 92-102. In Tenth International Congress of Soil Science, Vol. X, Commission VI. Science Press, Moscow (in French with Russian, German, and English summaries). 

Moor-boden, m. marshy soil, -erde, /, bog earth, peaty soil, muck soil, moorig, a. boggy, peaty. 

Moor-kohle,/. moor coal (black subbituminous coal), -lauge, /. extract from bog earth or peat, -mergel, m. bog marl, -salz, n, salt from peaty soil, -wasser, n. peat water. Moos, n. moss, -achat, m. moss agate, moosartig, a. moss-like, mossy. 

Sumpf, m. Swamp, marsh, bog (Tech.) pit, sump basin pool (of mercury) wave absorbent, -boden, m. marshy or swampy ground or soil, -eisenstein, m. bog iron ore. 

Torf-asche, /. peat ashes, -boden, m. peat soil, -eisenerz, n. bog iron ore. -erde, /. peaty soil, peat mold, -faser,/. peat fiber, -gas, n, peat gas. -geruch, m. peaty odor, -ge-schmack, m. peaty taste, fiavor of peat, torfhaltig, a. containing peat, peaty, torfig, a. peaty. 

In many northern regions, peat bogs are widespread. Our study shows that peat groundwater can have geochemical responses consistent with its interaction with kimberlite rocks (Sader et al. 2007). The geochemical responses can be different from those in mineral soil. Therefore, exploration in peat bog terrains requires specific sampling methods. 

They passed through the far gates of the city suddenly, they were out in the open. The road snaked in front of them as far as the eye can see, over the flat Zemgale plain toward Lithuania, a brown-soil sea of farmland and tundra uninterrupted for eighty miles except for Lilliputian farmhouses, patches of bog, and scattered copses. At Wilzen, Landmarschal Otto von... 

AG° = -17.7kJmor at pH 7. Consequently the microbes mediating the decomposition derive less energy and produce fewer cells per unit of carbon metabolized. The accnmnlation of organic matter in marshes and peat bogs illns-trates this point. (Bnt note the rarity of tropical wetland soils with large organic matter contents, discnssed in Section 3.7.)... 

In many wetlands NPP and decomposition are most limited by the availability of nutrients, especially N and P. For example, in a review of published data on nutrient limitations in North American bogs, fens, marshes and swamps, Bedford et al. (1999) found that a large proportion of the wetlands were either P limited or limited by both N and P, especially those occurring on organic soils. Only marshes had N P ratios in both live tissues and soils that consistently indicated N limitation, though the soil data suggested that the majority of swamps were also... 

At the opposite end of the fertility scale from ricefields are peat bogs in pluvial landscapes. Nutrient inputs come almost entirely from rainfall, and the nutrient reserves in the organic matter buffering the soil solution are small (Moore and Bellamy, 1974). The chemistry of peat bogs is therefore precarious and changes in the composition of the rainfall can have a large effect on the composition of the soil solution. 

Herbs that like damp soil will grow well in a naturally boggy area, or you can create one by the edge of a pond. Try meadowsweet Filipendula), water mint, valerian, and hemp agrimony Eupatorium cannabinum). In dry summers you will need to keep the water levels in the pond or bog garden topped off. Note that some of these species can become invasive once they are established in the garden. 

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