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Blood feeding insects

Lehane, M. J., Aksoy, S., and Levashina, E. (2004b). Immune responses and parasite transmission in blood-feeding insects. Trends Parasitol. 20,433-439. [Pg.359]

Although amino acids are generally considered as substances utilized for the synthesis of proteins and repair of body tissues, these compounds also serve as an energy source, particularly in times of starvation or deprivation. As discussed by Arme (1977) the amino acid proline is used as an energy reserve in blood-feeding insects and in certain blood-feeding protozoan parasites (hemo-flagellates). [Pg.319]

The capacity of some AAB (e.g., Asaia platycodi) to synthesize vitamin B could be very important for insects whose diets do not provide sufficient quantities. For instance, the diet of blood-feeding insects lacks vitamin B, which is not carried in the blood therefore, they must rely on other sources such as their bacterial symbionts for its supply. A well-smdied example of nutritional dependence is the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans, which relies on its symbionts to supply thiamine (Snyder et al. 2010 Rio et al. 2012). In this case, the loss of the symbionts may cause sterility (Aksoy and Rio 2005). [Pg.133]

Repellents are currently nsed by millions of people worldwide to prevent nuisance bites from blood-feeding insects, and it is now a multi-million-dollar global industry. Until recently, there was limited scientific evidence on the efficacy of repellents to rednce disease. However, several groups of animals, including passerine birds and white-faced capnchin monkeys, anoint themselves with leaves, fruit, and even millipedes that contain componnds that are proven deterrents of ticks and... [Pg.117]

Sun X. J., Tolbert L. P. and Hildebrand J. G. (1997) Synaptic organization of the uniglomerular projection neurons of the antennal lobe of the moth Manduca sexta a laser scanning confocal and electron microscopic study. J. Comp. Neurol. 379, 2-20. Takken W., van Loon J. J. A. and Adam W. (2001) Inhibition of host-seeking response and olfactory responsiveness in Anopheles gambiae following blood feeding. J. Insect. Physiol. 47, 303-310. [Pg.390]

Mans BJ, Andersen JF, Francischetti IM et al. Compatative sialomics between hard and soft ricks implications for the evolution of blood-feeding behavior. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2008 38 42-58. [Pg.131]

Insects are not the only organisms to express serpins that allow these organisms to invade their hosts and evade the host inflammatory responses. Helminthes, such as Schistosomes and Brugia express serpins that dampen the immune responses of their hosts in not one, but several pathways. " In blood feeding, ticks also secrete serpins in their saliva to inhibit the local inflammatory response and blood clotting to prolong their ability to feed without detection. ... [Pg.152]

In vitro blood-feeding test systems provide test insects with drawn blood covered with or contained within treated/untreated skin or a skin surrogate such as goldbeater s skin. Such test systems are thought to be more appropriate than other in vitro test systems for testing topical insect repellents because they directly engage the natural blood-feeding instincts of the test insects. [Pg.169]

For some important insect pests there are still no satisfactory chemical controls. Such problems should be given due consideration in the development program. Many of these problems appeared to be solved with the discovery of DDT, benzene hexachlo-ride (hexachlorocyclohexane), and some of the more recent insecticides. Further studies of the toxicity of some of these products to warm-blooded animals have raised the important question of the advisability of continuing their use where food and feed products are concerned. Considerable attention is being centered on finding safer analogs, such as TDE and methoxychlor, and new and better insecticides. [Pg.210]


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