Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Blood calcium effects

Decrease blood calcium Increase blood calcium decrease blood phosphate activation of vitamin D 3 "Fight-or-flight" response reinforces effects of the sympathetic nervous system Reabsorption of sodium excretion of potassium... [Pg.123]

Calcium-phosphorus balance is mediated through a complex interplay of hormones and their effects on bone, GI tract, kidney, and parathyroid gland. As kidney disease progresses, renal activation of vitamin D is impaired, which reduces gut absorption of calcium. Low blood calcium concentration stimulates secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). As renal function declines, serum calcium balance can be maintained only at the expense of increased bone resorption, ultimately resulting in renal osteodystrophy (ROD) (Fig. 76-7). [Pg.881]

Calcium and magnesium deficiency also occur in some patients with the malabsorption syndrome and this may lead to tetany or bone changes. Low blood calcium levels may result from decreased absorption associated with lack of effective compensatory parathyroid activity. In patients in whom secondary hyperparathyroidism is effective, extensive loss of calcium from the bones may occur. The cause of the defective absorption of calcium in patients of the sprue group is complex and not yet fully understood (B3, Dl, Jl, M7, Nl). It is important that complications such as calcium or magnesium deficiency should be corrected before the final steps of definitive diagnosis are attempted. If this is not done, the secondary effects may obscure the results of other tests. [Pg.93]

Rapid intravenous injection of the sodium salt of EDTA depletes blood calcium levels and produces hypocalcaemic tetany, but, carefully administered, this agent can be used to treat hypercalcaemia and to overcome digitalis-induced arrhythmia by adjusting the Ca2+/K+ balance61). The ready availability of calcium ion from extracirculatory stores enables slow (drip) infusion of sodium EDTA without untoward effects. Continued over several days, calcium is mobilised from bone and calcium EDTA is excreted in the urine but plasma calcium levels are not greatly affected62). Although it has been little explored, drip infusion of sodium EDTA,... [Pg.199]

Parathyroid Hormone. The role of the parathyroid gland and PTH in controlling calcium metabolism was previously discussed. A prolonged or continuous increase in the secretion of PTH increases blood calcium levels by several methods, including increased resorption of calcium from bone. High levels of PTH accelerate bone breakdown (catabolic effect) to mobilize calcium for other physiologic needs. [Pg.465]

Calcitonin derived from synthetic sources can be administered to mimic the effects of the endogenous hormone. As described previously, endogenous calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels and promotes bone mineralization. Consequently, synthetically derived calcitonin is used to treat hypercalcemia and to... [Pg.469]

Dihydroxy cholecalciferol acts primarily on three tissues bone, kidney, and intestine. The effect is to increase blood calcium levels. Thus, Ca2+ (and phosphate) are mobilized from bone through the action of 1,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol, Ca2+ reabsorption by the kidney is increased, and the intestinal... [Pg.142]

Why does this sort of diet work so well One theory is that a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and nonfat and low-fat dairy foods might work as a natural diuretic, much as do certain drugs that are prescribed for lowering blood pressure. These medications have been used to fight hypertension for decades. It s still unknown whether the blood pressure effects gotten from the diet are the result of a specific food or foods or a combination of all of them. The diet is rich in potassium and calcium, both of which help the body to eliminate sodium in the urine. Yet apparently there s more to it than that because supplementation with those two minerals doesn t yield as strong a result. [Pg.172]

Dihydrotachysterol has slight antirachitic activity. It increases the calcium concenuation in the blood, an effect for which tachysterol is only one tenth as active. In high doses, dihydrotachysterol is mote effective than the other analogues... [Pg.878]

Bones are constantly dissolved by osteoclasts and remineralized by osteoblasts in response to mechanical forces. Osteoclasts possess an acidic compartment and pass demineralized bone products to the periosteum (Sect. 1). They develop in stress-induced bony microcracks and are activated by differentiation factors secreted by osteoblasts, especially after menopause. Menopausal osteoporosis is controlled by drugs that are a stable form of pyrophosphate (bisphosphonate) or cathepsin K inhibitors (Sect. 2). The calcium ion concentration of blood is raised by parathyroid hormone and a vitamin D derivative called calcitriol. Parathyroid hormone causes kidneys to excrete phosphate, retain calcium, and activate calcitriol production (Sect. 3). Calcitriol induces calcium transporter proteins in osteoclasts and intestinal epithelium, where they move calcium from bone or diet into blood (Sect. 4). The chapter concludes with a discussion of calcitonin which lowers blood calcium concentrations by reversing parathyroid hormone effects on the kidney and inhibiting osteoclast activity (Sect. 5). [Pg.153]

They obtained a prompt systemic hypocalcemic response, while cross-transfusion of the parathyroid venous plasma to another sheep was followed by a sharp fall in its systemic blood calcium also. These authors considered that the negative results obtained by Copp and Henze (C16) and by Foster et al. (F4) in their parathyroid perfusions might have arisen because there was insuflScient functional parathyroid tissue to give a measurable response, perhaps from effects of anesthesia and of surgical trauma. [Pg.5]

If plasma or whole blood is required for analysis, then the blood is collected in a tube containing an anticoagulant. Heparin (sodium salt) is frequently used. However, its effect is temporary and heparin is expensive. Therefore, a more widely used anticoagulant is potassium oxalate, about 1 mg per mL blood. Oxalate precipitates blood calcium, and the calcium is required in the clotting process. Obviously, plasma prepared in this way cannot be analyzed for calcium or potassium many other metals are precipitated by oxalate, and so serum is usually analyzed for these. The usual practice in preparing whole blood or plasma samples is to add the required amount of oxalate in solution form to the collection tube and then to dry the tube in an oven at 110°C. By this procedure, the collected blood is not diluted. For example, 0.5 mL of a 2% potassium oxalate solution would be taken and dried for a 10-mL blood sample. Potassium oxalate causes red cells to shrivel, with the result that the intracellular water diffuses into the plasma. Thus, the plasma should be separated as soon as possible. [Pg.680]

The effects of digitalis glycosides might be increased by rises in blood calcium levels, and the use of intravenous calcium may result in the development of potentially life-threatening digitalis-induced cardiac arrhythmias. Teriparatide appears not to affect the calcium-mediated pharmacodynamics of digoxin. [Pg.923]

There is some evidence that increases or decreases in blood calcium levels can increase or decrease, respectively, the effects of digitalis. A patient with congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation was resistant to the actions of digoxin serum levels of 1.5 to 3 nanograms/mL until his serum calcium levels were raised from 1.68 to about 2.13 mmol/L by oral calcium and vitamin D. ... [Pg.923]

A reduced level of blood calcium is one explanation for the toxic effects of fluoroac-etate, and may account for the gap between chemical manifestations and the biochemistry of 1080 poisoning. Cats poisoned with 1080 showed a 27% drop in blood calcium levels... [Pg.794]

Calcium EDTA 11.28), injected as its sodium salt, sodium calcium edetate, is a most effective remedy for lead poisoning (Bessman, Rubin and Leikin, 1954). Sodium edetate (the same substance minus the calcium) was used in an attempt to decalcify stenosed valves in the heart even though it also caused a fall in blood calcium, the patients were none the worse after long courses of injections, e.g. 3 g (as a 0.5% solution) every 24 hours for 5 days a week, and 3 weeks per month (Seven, 1960). Sodium edetate has been used successfully to overcome digitalis-induced cardiac arrhythmia by restoring K /Ca - balance (Szekely and Wynne, 1963). [Pg.467]

Bogden, J.D., S.B. Gertner, F.W. Kemp, R. McLeod, K.S. Breuning, and H.R. Chung. 1991. Dietary lead and calcium Effects on blood pressure and renal neoplasia in Wistarrats. J. Nutr. 121(5) 718-728. [Pg.159]


See other pages where Blood calcium effects is mentioned: [Pg.142]    [Pg.830]    [Pg.1422]    [Pg.100]    [Pg.1422]    [Pg.271]    [Pg.62]    [Pg.465]    [Pg.466]    [Pg.278]    [Pg.281]    [Pg.142]    [Pg.698]    [Pg.53]    [Pg.150]    [Pg.2]    [Pg.5]    [Pg.6]    [Pg.411]    [Pg.252]    [Pg.253]    [Pg.59]    [Pg.109]    [Pg.425]    [Pg.139]    [Pg.111]    [Pg.113]    [Pg.146]    [Pg.232]    [Pg.123]    [Pg.449]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.36 , Pg.218 ]




SEARCH



Effect blood

© 2024 chempedia.info