Bismuth shots

Sanderson, G.C., S.G. Wood, G.L. Foley, and J.D. Brown. 1992. Toxicity of bismuth shot compared with lead and steel shot in game-farm mallards. Trans. North Amer. Natur. Resour. Conf. 57 526-540. 

The intramolecular reaction of 2,2 -dinitrobiphenyl 77 with bismuth shots was slow and incomplete, giving benzo[c]-cinnoline A -oxide 78 in 90% yield. However, by replacing bismuth with lead balls, 2,2 -dinitrobiphenyl readily underwent reductive cyclization to form benzo[c]cinnoline 79 in 95% isolated yield (Scheme 6.28). 

Bismuth is different and it loads different. Bismuth shot cannot be used with lead or steel load recipes or proportions, because it has unique characteristics and ballistic reactions. To substitute recipes or pellet types is to sacrifice the advantage of using bismuth and thereby waste time and money as well as jeopardize one s own safety. Use only bismuth-specific load recipes and components no matter how insignificant the differences may seem. 

New loaded bismuth shells are produced and imported under the Bis-Maxx brand for Pin-nacie Ammunition of St. Louis. Note that Pinnacle addresses the common fault rumored about bismuth shot, that it fractures or splinters during passage down the gun s bora... 

Bismuth salts, 4 25 Bismuth sesquisulfide, 4 24 Bismuth subcarbonate, 4 36 Bismuth subgallate, 4 36 Bismuth subhalides, 4 19 Bismuth subnitrate, 4 36 Bismuth subsalicylate, 4 1, 36 medical applications of, 22 11-12 Bismuth(III) sulfate, 4 25 Bismuth(III) sulfide, 4 24 Bismuth sulfides, 4 24-25 Bismuth thiolates, 4 25 Bismuth-tin alloy waterfowl shot, 4 15 Bismuth triacetate, 4 25 Bismuth tribromide, 4 21 physical properties of, 4 20t Bismuth trichloride, 4 19-20 physical properties of, 4 20t Bismuth trifluoride, 4 19 physical properties of, 4 20t Bismuth trihalides, 4 19 Bismuth triiodide, 4 21-22 physical properties of, 4 20t Bismuth trinitrate pentahydrate, 4 25 Bismuth trioxide, 4 23-24 physical properties of, 4 20t Bismuth triperchlorate pentahydrate, 4 25... 

Bismuth catalysts promote the isocyanate and OH reaction from the isocyanate side. This has the effect of reducing the water reaction and hence reduces the liberation of carbon dioxide gas. They are particularly useful in controlling the reactions when used in one-shot systems. 

An alpha particle contains 2 protons and 2 neutrons. If the 2 protons could be put into the nucleus of a bismuth atom—which has 83 protons—then we make the astatine with 85 protons. The way to do this is as follows. Electrons are stripped from atoms of helium, leaving the helium nuclei, or alpha particles. The alpha particles are accelerated in the cyclotron, which starts them going around, faster and faster, until they ultimately strike the bismuth atoms in the target. When an alpha particle enters the nucleus of a bismuth atom, two neutrons are shot out and you are left with an atom of astatine. 

Bismuth is the most diamagnetic of all metals and has low thermal conductivity. Since bismuth expands upon solidification, it is used to make castings for objects subjected to high temperatures. It is used as a replacement for lead in solders, shot for hunting, fishing sinkers, ceramic glazes, and brasses for plumbing applications. It is also used as a carrier for (an isotope of uranium) fuel in atomic reactors. Ionic compounds of bismuth are used in cosmetics and medicine. 

One-step reduction of nitroarenes to azoxy- and azoarenes by the ball-milling technique was carried out by Suzuki [22], Milling of nitroarenes with bismuth balls (shots) gave as the major products azoxyarenes 76, while under N2 azoarenes 77 were formed predominantly (Scheme 6.27, Table 6.16). Addition of one drop of an inert organic solvent (hexane or benzene) led to complete formation of azoxyarenes. 

Retsch mixer mill, MM200 stainless steel cylinder (5mL), two stainless steel bals+bismuth balls (I mm), 30 Hz, substrate Bi shots 1 8. 

Currently, steel, bismuth-tin, tungsten-iron, tungsten-polymer, tungsten-matrix, and tungsten-nickel-iron shot are approved as non-toxic. ... 

In combination with tin, this heavy, brittle metal is used as a substitute for lead shot, although it is not quite as dense. Nevertheless, it is easily twice as hard as lead. As a shot product, bismuth is superior to steel, with performance characteristics comparable to lead it did not scar barrels, even with repeated shooting through older barrels, and any choke - even older fixed choke barrels - would work safely, but the price was often four times that of high quality lead rounds. That was a problem. 

John Brown s U.S. Patent No. 4,949,644 was published in August 1990. Titled Non-toxic shot and shot shell containing same, it explored bismuth as an effective pellet material Non-toxic wildlife shot pellets for shotgun shells are formed from bismuth or a bismuth alloy. Brown argued instructively that ... 

Tbngsten is available in the CM Tung-Shot line. This Hmgsten matrix material is slightly harder than a lead-antimony mix 11.2 gm/cm versus 10.8 gm/cm (or bismuth at 9-6 gm/cm ). The standard loads are 12-gauge 2 % -inch, with 34 and 42 grams of shot. CM notes that it uses an extra-hard machine cut wad for the protection of the barrels, and that muzzle velocity is 1378 fps. 

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