Bismuth, dithiocarbamate complexes

Shijo et al. [95] converted bismuth in seawater into its dithiocarbamate complex, and then extracted the complex into xylene prior to determination in amounts down to 0.3 ppt by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. 

Bismuth Liquid-liquid extraction into xylene as the ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate complex Electrothermal AAS 0.3 ppt or 0.0005 xg/l [95]... 

Tsunogai and Nozaki [6] analysed Pacific Oceans surface water by consecutive coprecipitations of polonium with calcium carbonate and bismuth oxychloride after addition of lead and bismuth carriers to acidified seawater samples. After concentration, polonium was spontaneously deposited onto silver planchets. Quantitative recoveries of polonium were assumed at the extraction steps and plating step. Shannon et al. [7], who analysed surface water from the Atlantic Ocean near the tip of South Africa, extracted polonium from acidified samples as the ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate complex into methyl isobutyl ketone. They also autoplated polonium onto silver counting disks. An average efficiency of 92% was assigned to their procedure after calibration with 210Po-210Pb tracer experiments. 

A dithiocarbamate complex Bi(S2CNEt2)I2(bipy), prepared from [Bi(S2CNEt2)I2] with a fivefold excess of bipy (142), exists as an iodide bridged dimer reminiscent of 41. The central bismuth atom is seven-coordinate with a pseudo-pentagonal-bipyramidal geometry occupied by a terminal I atom and a bipy nitrogen atom [Bi-N 2.56(1) A] in... 

The structural chemistry of some metal dithiocarbamates, i.e. systematics, coordination modes, crystal packing, and supramolecular self-assembly patterns of nickel, zinc, cadmium, mercury,363 organotin,364 and tellurium,365 366 complexes has been thoroughly analyzed and discussed in detail. Supramolecular self-assembly frequently occurs in non-transition heavier soft metal dithiocarbamates. Thus, lead(II),367 bismuth(III)368 zinc,369 cadmium,370 and (organo)mercury371 dithiocarbamates are associated through M- S secondary bonds, to form either dimeric supermolecules or chain-like supramolecular arrays. The arsenic(III)372 and antimony(III)373 dithiocarbamates are... 

Together with some other metals such as Cu, Hg, and Pb, bismuth may be identified chromatographically as the dithiocarbamate using reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The chelate is formed in a precolumn packed with Cig-bonded silica and loaded with a centrimide-dithiocarbamate ion pair. The metal complexes are preconcentrated on the precolumn and eluted with an aceto-nitrile/water gradient. The dithiocarba-mates are detected with a UV-Visible diode array detector with a detection limit in the subnanogram range (Iffland 1993). 

The bismuth forms a sparingly soluble metal complex with the pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. The potentiometric method of titration is highly sensitive for small quantities of bismuth. An evaluable jump is still obtained with the standard solution. However, no explanation has yet been given as to why there is a potential jump at all. During potentiometric titration there is presumably a small quantity of a reversible oxidation product present, with the result that a measurable redox potential may be formed between the... 

Nonionic surfactants in a water sample or in the residue taken up with water are, before blowing out, precipitated as a surfactant/Ba(Bil4)2 complex by means of the Dragendorff reagent. After filtration and washing with glacial acetic acid, the precipitate is dissolved in ammonium tartrate solution and the bismuth is then titrated potentiometrically with a solution of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate [62, 66]. 

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