AND SOME OTHER METALS

The chemical properties of the transition elements do not change so strikingly with change in atomic number as do those of the other elements. In the series potassium, calcium, scandium the normal salts of the elements correspond to the maximuni oxidation numbers given by the positions of the elements in the periodic system, 1 for potas Slum, 2 for calcium, and 3 for scandium the sulfates, for example, of these elements are KoSO, CaSOj, and The fourth element, 

The Metallic State. Although some of the compounds of the transition metals have important uses, it is the metals themselves, and their alloys, that are of the greatest usefulness to man. Our modern 

A graph of the ideal density of the metals of the first long period. The ideal density is defined here as the density that these metals would have in case that their atomic weight was equal to 50. 

We see that the ideal density increases steadily from its minimum 

It is interesting to note that in the metallic state chromium has 

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Pt is attacked by bromine trifluoride at 280° in the presence of K fluoride (Ref 5). Finely divided Pt and some other metals will cause a mixt of Hj and 02 to explu at ordinary temps (Ref 1). A little Pt black dropped into a hydrogen peroxide soln can cause an expln (Ref 2). Pt and molten Ii react violently at 540° 20° (Ref 7), and an incandescent reaction occurs when it is wanned gently in gaseous oxygen difluoride (Ref 6). The decompn of 92% per-monosulfuric acid is expl in the presence of smooth or finely divided Pt (Ref 3). The re-. acting mass formed by the mixt of P and Pt can become incandescent when heated (Ref 8). Dry, used Pt catalyst has exWd while being screened (Ref 4)... 

Jaffee, R. I., and B. W. Gonser Effect of copper and some other metals... 

The oxidation of thiols on mercury and some other metals (M = Zn, Cd) can be used for the preparation of different bis-thiolate complexes M(SR2) [18]. 

Mn-promoted Fe-based Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts. 4.1.1 Unsupported Fe-Mn Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts. Iron-based F-T catalysts possess both hydrogenation and WGS activity, imposing a flexible option as a working catalyst for typically coal-derived CO-rich syngas conversion. Iron-based catalysts often contain small amounts of K and some other metals/metal oxides as promoters to improve their activity and selectivity. Mn has been widely used as one of the promoters for unsuppported Fe-based F T catalysts, particularly in promoting the production of C2 C4 olefins. ... 

This is not surprising—there are many textbook discussions of the difference between transition and main group elements. Consonant with this is the finding that (Cp )2Mg (the sandwich species alternatively called bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)magnesium and decamethyfinagnesocene) does not react with CO, unlike the corresponding species with Ca and some other metals and metalloids . Indeed, in (Cp )2Mg, there is little room for another ligand around the central metal and Mg seems electronically satisfied. 

Uses of Al in industry are too numerous to be described here. They are listed in Refs 5, 11, 12, 15 20. The uses of Al powder in expls are discussed under Aluminum Containing Explosives. Al powder is also used in incendiaries and in pyrotechnic compositions. Discussion on uses of finely divided Al and some Other metals is given in Ref 16a... 

Impubities.—rhosphorus is rarely adulterated, and the only impurities contained in it are those derived from the acid used in its preparation. Dumas considers flexibility as a characteristic of good phosphorus. Occasionally arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and some other metals have boon found in it. If the acid used contained arsenioua acid, or an oxide of antimony, these are reduced in the process of manufacture of phosphorus, and are found in it in the metallic state. A solution of phosphorus in dilute nitrio acid should give no precipitate with sulphide of hydrogen, and the precipitate procured by a barytic salt should be entirely soluble in excess of nitric acid, proving the absence of sulphur. If arsenic is present, the solution in nitrio acid deposits a black precipitate of metallic arsenic when submitted to evaporation. 

Complexes of Olefines and. Silver Ion.—Much work has been done on the interaction of the silver ion, Ag+, with unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. (Mercuric ion and some other metal ions also react with carbon-carbon double bonde.) The structure proposed by Win-gtein and Lucas11 is probably essentially correct. Let us consider a silver ion and ethylene. The system is an electron-deficient one there are 12 valence electrons and 13 valence orbitals (including one orbital for the silver ion). We may write three structures for the complex ... 

The ligand field strength of the ligands is between that of the dithiocarbamates and water.49 IR studies show characteristic bands near 1250, 1100, 1020 and 550 cm-1.93 The contribution of the resonance form (85) in transition metal complexes is less than that of the analogous structure in the dithiocarbamates.60 The electron density on the metal is not very high, which accounts for the fact that abnormal high oxidation states are exceptional and a strong interaction of bases with the square planar nickel (and some other metal) xanthates is found.94... 

Aluminum, iron, tin, lead, and some other metals do not have the power of forming such ammonio compounds. 

Eyfofhosfhates.—The salts of the alkali, alkaline earth and some other metals were prepared and studied by Salzer, Rammelsberg, Schuh, Joly, Palm, Bausa and others.3 The alkali salts prepared from excess of alkali were soluble, whilst those of the alkaline earths, silver and other metals were only sparingly soluble. 

Sediment diagenesis reactions cause sources and sinks that are of global importance to the geochemical mass balance of manganese and some other metals sensitive to redox changes. 

One example of the way in which an ore can be purified is the froth flotation method used with ores of copper, zinc, and some other metals. In this method, impure ore taken from the ground is first ground into a powder and then mixed with water and a frothing agent such as pine oil. Then a stream of air is blown through the mixture, causing it to bubble and froth. In the frothing process, impurities such as sand and rock are wetted by the water and sink to the bottom of the container. The metal ore does not adsoib water but does adsorb the pine oil. The oil-coated ore floats to the top of the mixture, where it can be skimmed off. 

TABLE 16. Bismuth and some other metals in soil ores at sites polluted by copper or cadmium (modified from References 113)... 

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