Bis , production

Some specific examples include the noncatalytic reaction of acrylamide with primary amines to produce a mono or bis product (5). 

Succinimide (9.9 g, 100 mmol), ethyl cyanoacetate (21.28 mb, 200 mmol), HMDS 2 (42.2 mb, 200 mmol), and (NH4)2S04 (0.7 g, 5 mmol) are heated for 34 h under reflux with magnetic stirring. After cooling the colored residue is chromatographed on a silica gel column (25 cm X 6 cm i.d.) with hexane-ethyl acetate (1 1) as mobile phase. The first fractions contain ca 3% pure bis-product 382,... 

P-H oxidative addition followed by alkyne insertion into a Pd-P bond gives the re-gio-isomeric alkenyl hydrides 15 and 16. Protonolysis with diaUcyl phosphite regenerates hydride 17 and gives alkenylphosphonate products 18 and 19. Insertion of alkene 18 into the Pd-H bond of 17 followed by reductive eUmination gives the bis-products, but alkene 19 does not react, presumably for steric reasons. P-Hydride elimination from 16 was invoked to explain formation of trace product 20. 

In the case of HI variants, linker histones selectively bind ADPr homopolymers over competitor DNA [223]. Furthermore, Hit displays a high degree of affinity for the ADPr subunits even in the presence of salt [223]. Interestingly, this testis specific variant interacts with DNA the least tightly, and has been implicated in fiber decondensation [25,226,227]. This result suggests that potential interactions between HI molecules and ADPr are specific and not just the bi-product of electrostatic attractions. In this regard, specificity for the ADPr subunits may facilitate removal of HI from chromatosomal DNA, and initiate an unraveling of the 30 nm fiber required for DNA activation or repair. Unfortunately, the... 

When tetrahydropyridopyrimidine-3-carboxylate 562 (R = COOEt, R1 = H) was treated with carbon disulfide in the presence of potassium hydroxide at 25-30°C, salt 569 was obtained in good yield (79NEP79/ 3401 82USP4321377). The alkylation of569 with dimethyl sulfate and with ethylene dibromide in ethanol afforded 9-dithioester 570 and 9-(dithiolen-2-ylidene) derivative 571, respectively. When 569 was heated in acetic anhydride for 2 hours, bis product 572 was obtained in 57% yield. 9-Imidazolidine derivative 573 was prepared from both iminium chloride 563 (R = COOEt, R1 = H, R2 = Me) and 9-dithioester 570 by treatment with ethylenediamine (Scheme 37) (79NEP79/3401 82USP4321377 83MIP1). 

Ultrafiltration is a French originated process that uses a membrane filtering system. In its raw form, whey contains protein, lactose, ash, and some minerals. This should not surprise anyone since whey is the bi-product of cheese or casein production from milk. The original ultrafiltration method separated the ash and lactose from the whey protein resulting in a product providing about 35-70% protein. As the process improved the protein, content was elevated to up to 80% -86.5% protein content. Ultrafiltration provides a decent product with... 

Cohen, R., Chefetz, B., Hadar, Y., Suppression of soil-borne pathogens by composted municipal sohd waste. In, Beneficial co-utilization of agricultural, municipal and industrial bi-products. Brown, S., Angle, J.S., Jacobs, L., eds. Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1998, pp. 113-130. 

Ionene, a commercial fragrance, has been prepared traditionally by treatment of a- and /3-iononcs with hydriodic acid containing phosphorus or by distillative heating in the presence of 0.5% iodine. In an unoptimized demonstration, cyclization occurred more cleanly and simply by MBR with /3-ionone in water at 250 °C (Scheme 19) [83]. Work-up also was facilitated, as the need for removal of catalyst or the formation and separation of bi-products was avoided. At elevated temperature, the addition of water to olefins can occur readily, without adding catalyst. (S)-(+)-carvone in water for 10 min at 180 °C afforded optically pure 8-hydroxy-p-6-mcnlhcn-2-one as an intermediate toward carvacrol [84], Addition of water across the 8,9-double bond of carvone occurred regioselectively, by Markovnikov addition. Carvacrol itself was obtained almost quantitatively from carvone at 250 °C after 10 min (Scheme 19) [84]. 

Benzo-TAs 63 were obtained from 2-mercaptobenzoic acid and functionally substituted nitriles (malonodinitrile, cyanoacetamide, cyanoaceto-anilide, etc.). In this case, however, the formation of by-product 65 takes place. The ratio of yields of products 63 and 65 depends on the conditions. Thus, in pyridine only 1,3-benzo-TAs 63 are formed, while in acetic acid the ratio of mono and bis products 63 and 65 is 3 1. The authors suggest that the initial intermediate 62 may give 1,3-benzo-TAs 63, whose reaction with another molecule of 2-mercaptobenzoic acid leads to bis product 65,... 

During the same period, commercialization of thermoplastic starch polymer blends was pursued by Novamont, a division of the Ferruzzi Group of Italy.162-172 Their products, marketed under the trade name Mater-Bi, are typically comprised of at least 60% starch or natural additive and hydrophilic, biodegradable synthetic polymers.64,165 It is stated that these blends form interpenetrated or semi-interpenetrated structures at the molecular level. Properties of typical commercial formulations have properties similar to those in the range of low- and high-density PE. Blends of Mater-Bi products with biodegradable polyesters have been claimed for use as water impervious films.173... 

Earthcycle sustainable packaging is made from palm fibre, a bi-product of palm fruit, which is harvested for its oil. 

This mechanism is known as the ordered bi-bi mechanism ( bi-bi denotes a bi-substrate bi-product reaction), or the compulsory-order ternary mechanism , where the term ternary refers to the three-species complex formed by the binding of two substrates to the enzyme. 

Pine root pitch was obtained as a bi-product of the distillation of turpentine oil during World War II in. Japan. After the war it was found to be useful for firework use, but the substance is not produced at present and is in short supply. When the reason why this material gives such a large burning rate to perchlorate compositions is better understood, it might surely be possible to produce such a substance by some other method. 

Recently sulphur as a bi product of the oil industry is finding use in the place of natural sulphur. 

Manufacture, Obtained by heating iron( II)sulphate, FeS0x. 7H2,0, at 630 700 C. There are other several processes(from ores or some bi-products, which contain iron sulphate, iron hydroxide or iron(lIl)oxide) ... 

The acetoxymercuri derivatives from aniline, substituted aniline, and toluidine compounds, when treated with aqueous sodium thiosulphate give mercuri-bis products of the type E,2Hg, sometimes with the formation of a thiosulphate as an intermediate product,... 

Varma, S.K. and Verma, R.A.B. 1987. Aflatoxin Bi production in orange (Citrus reticulata) juice by isolates of Aspergillus flavus link. Mycopathologia 97, 101-104. 

A review of pharmaceutical and therapeutic potentials of essential oils, some of which are found in Kenya and their individual constituents has also been reported. At its sublethal doses, the oil of Cymbopogon citratus was found to completely inhibit aflatoxin Bi production from Aspergillus flavus. These findings show the potential of this oil as an effective inhibitor of biodegradation and storage contamination fungi and also in fruit juice preservation. The essential oil from Foeniculum vulgare has hepatoprotective activity due to the... 

They have slightly different physical characteristics. Only the f. BHC is effective as insecticide. Industrial products generally contains 55 80% ci BHC and only 8 15% V BHC. The / BHC which is separated from the industrial products to more than 99% purity is called "Lindane". It is best to use the bi-product from the manufacture of Lindane for firework material. 

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