Betula

Fig. 1 Chromatography of flavonoids. 1. Extract. Solidaginis 2. Rutin — chlorogenic acid — isoquercitrin — quercitrin 3. Extract. Hyperici 4. Hyp>erosid — quercetin-3-arabinosid — hypericin — quercetin 5. Extract. Betulae...

Some oils consist almost entirely of esters for example, those of Oaultheria procumhens and Betula lenta contain about 99 per cent, of methyl salicylate. Bergamot and lavender owe the greater part of their perfume value to esters of linalol, of which the acetate predominates. Geranium oil owes its fragrance chiefly to geranyl esters, of which the tiglate is the chief. On the other hand, oils such as spike lavender, sandalwood, lemon-grass, and citronella contain but small quantities of esters, and owe their perfume value to entirely different types of compounds. 

Birken-holz, n. birch wood, -holzteer, m. birch-(wood) tar. -holzteerseifc, /, birch tar soap, -kampher, m, birch camphor, betulin. -kohle, /, birch charcoal, -rinde, /, birch bark. -liftdaiUil, -61, n. oil of betula, cdl of sweet bircb. -teer, m. tdrch tar. -teerdt, n. birch tar oil. 

Oil of wintergreen salicylic acid methyl ester methyl sweet birch oil betula oil... 

Jones, M. Harper, J.L. (1987). The influence of neighbours on late growth of trees. II. The fate of buds on long and short shoots in Betula pendula. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 232, 19-33. 

Taylor, G. Davies, W.J. (1986). Yield turgor of growing leaves of Betula and Acer. New Phytologist, 104, 347-53. 

Benztriazole, derivatives 281 ff 2-(2-Hydroxy-5-niethylphenyl)- 282 2-(2-Hydroxy-3-(l -methylpropyl)-5-tert-butylphenyl- 283 Berberine reagent 44,213 Beryllium cations 144,145,311,312 Besthorn s hydrazone reagent 347 Beta-blockers 74, 299, 301, 426—428 Beta-fronts 126 Beta-radiation 12 Betulae, Extr. 279 Betulic acid 59... 

S. W.. Simard. D. M. Durall, and M. D. Jones, Carbon allocation and carbon transfer between Betula papyrtfera and Psuedotsuga nienziesii seedlings using a C pulselabelling method. Plant Soil /9/ 41 (1997). 

Silver birch Betula pendula, B. pubescens, B. nana, B. alleghaniensis, B. populifolia, B. papyriferia, B. lenta Tannins... 

R. Ekman, The suberin monomers and triterpenoids from the outer bark of Betula verrucosa Ehrh, Holzforschung, 37, 205 211 (1983). 

B J.W. Cole, M.D. Bentley, Y. Hua, L. Bu, Triterpenoid constituents in the outer bark of Betula alleghaniensis (yellow birch), Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, 11, 209 223 (1991). 

P.J. Holloway, Composition of suberin from the corks of Quercus suber and Betula pendula, Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 9, 158 170 (1972). 

Arnon, D.I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidases in Betula vulgaris. Plant Physiology 24 1-15. 

Pietta PG, Mauri PL, Manera E and Ceva PL. 1989. HPLC determination of the flavonoid glycosides from Betulae folium extracts. Chromatographia 28 311—312. 

Paper birch, Betula papyrifera leaf various distances from nickel smelter June vs. August... 

Dwarf birch, Betula nana leaves August 1986 4000 FW 25... 

Fig. 1. Distribution of iron in trees trunk on the background and the haloes of iron ore bodies (deposit Oktyabr skoe, Tat yaninskoe, and Zmeinaya gorka). A - larch (Larix dahurica Turcz.) B - pine (Pinus silvestris L.) C - birch (Betula platyphylla Sukacz.) D - cedar (Cedrus sibirica (Rupr.) E - fir-tree (Picea obovata Ledeb) F - rowan-tree (Sorbus sibirica Hedl.). 1 - on the haloes (a - the most intensive, b - of middle intensive, c - the less intensive) 2 - on the background.

The dominant species are the spruce (Picea excelsa), the birch (Betula verrucosa, B. pubescens), the aspen (Populus tremula), and the alder (Aims incana). The moss and low bush layer is represented by the blueberry-bush (Vaccinium myrtiilus), hypnic mosses, separate species of cowberry (Vaccinium uliginosum) and flowering plants. The biomass of these Spruce Forest ecosystems reaches 10 ton/ha at the age of 100-150 years (Table 4). 

In addition to triterpenoids in the bark of Betula spp., suberin (a biopolyester comprising primarily hydroxy, epoxy and dicarboxylic acids) is also present, as... 

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