Biosynthesis products

Biosynthesis- Production of needed cellular constituents from other, usually simpler, molecules. 

Biosynthesis Production, by synthesis or degradation, of a chemical compound by living organism, plant or animal cells, or enzymes elaborated by diem. 

Many lines of evidence indicate that the first committed step in de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis, production of 5-phosphoribosylamine by glutamine PRPP amidotransfer-ase, is rate-limiting for the entire sequence. Consequently, regulation of this enzyme is probably the most important factor in control of purine synthesis de novo (fig. 23.24). The enzyme is inhibited by purine-5 -nucleotides, but the most inhibitory nucleotides vary with the source of the enzyme. Inhibition constants (A, ) are usually in the range 10-3-10-5 M. The maximum effect of this end-product inhibition is produced by certain combinations of nucleotides (e.g., AMP and GMP) in optimum concentrations and ratios, indicating two kinds of inhibitor binding sites. This is an example of a concerted feedback inhibition. 

Goodley, P. Moore, S. Sadilek, M. The Use of API-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry to Characterize Biosynthesis Products, in Proceedings ofthe 47th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics. Dallas, Texas, June 13-17, 1999. 

Figure 2 Semisynthetic bulk drugs Ampicillin (antibacterial) from penicillin G. Modifications of biosynthetic structures are often created to improve the in vivo attributes of the original compound, utilizing the biosynthesis product as the starting material containing most, if not all, of the structural complexity that provides the basic biological activity. Similarly, codeine (analgesic), although found in opium from Papaver plants, is most economically made by methylation of morphine, which is more efficiently isolated from opium.

C. Strumillo, S. Grabowski, I. Zbicinski, and Z. Bartczak, A choice of dryer for biosynthesis products. Proceedings of Sixth International Drying Symposium, September 5-8, Versaihes, France, Vol. 2, p. 17 (1988). 

C. Strumillo, S. Grabowski, W. Kaminski, and I. Zbicinski, Simulation of fluidized Bed drying of biosynthesis products. Chemical Engineering Process, 26, 139-145 (1989). 

Fig. 2. Fatty acid biosynthesis. Production of cytosolic acetyl-CoA at the expense of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA by the formation, transport and breakdown of citrate.

Fig. 7.2 P450-mediated reactions in benzylisoquinoloine alkaloid biosynthesis. Products of P450-mediated reactions in alkaloid syntheses are shown with positions of modifications in red. (Excerpted from ref. [14])...

Cheng KC, Demirci A, Catchmark JM. PuUulan biosynthesis, production, and applications. Appl... 

Analysis carotenoids health benefits natural pigments plant biosynthesis production... 

J. Schmid, V. Meyer, V. Sieber, Scleroglucan Biosynthesis, production and application of a versatile hydrocolloid, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 91,937-947,2010. 

Regarding environmental aspects, the use of biological reactions does not imply a priori environmental friendly reactions. It is necessary to consider the whole process of raw material application, biosynthesis, product recovery and chemical... 

Ch. Golker, Drying of Biotechnological Product, Process Engineering of Treatment of Biosynthesis Products, 14—15 October 1985, Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, Dusseldorf, 131-140 (1985) (in German). 

Biosynthesis studies revealed that the lipid component as well as the trehalose unit were first synthesized independently of each other and subsequently were linked together. As for the above-mentioned strains, an exemplary synopsis on biosynthesis, production, and potential applications was presented for surface-active lipids of rhodococci [25]. Only recently using Corynebacterium matruchotii the following facts were clarified (1) Treha-lose-6-phosphate, but not trehalose, stimulated corynomycolate synthesis... 

Bae BC, Na K. Self-quenching polysaccharide-based nanogels of pullulan/folate-photosensitizer conjugates for photodynamic therapy. Biomaterials. 31 (24) 6325-6335, 2010. Schmid J, Meyer V, Sieber V. Scleroglucan Biosynthesis, production and application of a versatile hydrocolloid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 91 (4) 937-947, 2011. 

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