Bioreactor compartment models

Figure 6.56. Block diagram of the two-compartment model for oxygen transfer in a production-scale bioreactor (cf. Fig. 4.6), including parallel work for mixed zone (1) and bubble zone (2). For symbols see nomenclature. (Adapted from Oosterhuis, 1984.)...

P., and Toye, D. (2014) CFD-based compartment model for description of mixing in bioreactors. Chem. Eng Scl,... 

Historically, the oldest compartment model proposed for portraying the nonideal mixing condition in stirred-tank bioreactors is that by Sinclair and Brown [8]. 

Large-scale bioreactors can be described, as discussed above, in terms of aggregates of model reactors like the ideal stirred-tank and the ideal plug-flow reactor. These are low-dimensional compartment models that are easy to use, but they... 

Delafosse, A., Delvigne, F., Collignon, M.-L., Crine, M., Thonard, P., and Toye, D. (2010) Development of a compartment model based on CFD simulations for mixing description in bioreactors, Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ., 14, 517-522. 

Other major early contributions of biochemical engineering have been in the development of the artificial kidney and physiologically based pharmacokinetic models. The artificial kidney has been literally a lifesaver. Pharmacokinetic models divide the body of an animal or human into various compartments that act as bioreactors. These mathematical models have been used very successfully in developing therapeutic strategies for the optimal delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and in assessing risk from exposure to toxins. 

We developed a PEEK-WC hollow-fiber (HF) membrane bioreactor for the maintenance of human peripheral lymphocytes as a model system for the in-vitro investigation of disease pathogenesis, chemical effects and individual drug sensitivity. Peripheral lymphocytes isolated from the donor s human buffy coat were cultured in the shell compartment of the PEEK-WC-H F bioreactor. Lymphocytes in the PEEK-WC-HF membrane bioreactor produced IL-2 and IL-10 throughout the culture period of 14 days (Figure 19.5). 

Hollow fiber extractive membrane bioreactors (EMB), have been modelled by Pavasant et al [5.104]. For this purpose the authors employed a diffusion-reaction model for the membrane to describe the dynamic biofilm growth. The wastewater and the biological treatment compartments were considered completely mixed. Pavasant et al [5.104] report... 

The modelling of enzymatic membrane reactors follows, in general, the same approach as described previously. In enzymatic membrane reactors the catalyst is a macromolecule (enzyme). It can be found either in a free form in the reactor or supported on the membrane surface, or inside the membrane porous structure by grafting it or in the form of a gel obtained by ultrafiltration. As in the case of the whole-cell membrane bioreactors discussed above, the proper calculation of the mass transfer characteristics is of great importance for the modelling of this type of reactor. One of the earliest models of enzymatic membrane bioreactors is by Salmon and Robertson [5.108]. These authors modelled an enzymatic membrane bioreactor, which was made of four coaxial compartments the enzyme is confined within one of the compartments, and one of the substrates is fed in a gaseous form. 

Finally, the effect of structured models due to imperfect mixing in bioreactors upon product formation, yield, and conversion will be mentioned here. It was shown by Oosterhuis (1984) that Vp can be considered to consist of two parts = residence time in aerated compartment and = (Vi + V2)/ fp)] ... 

Pigou, M. and Morchain, J. (2015) Investigating the interactions between physical and biological heterogeneities in bioreactors using compartment, population balance and metabolic models. Chem. Eng. Sci., 126, 267 - 282. 

Purgstaller, A., and A. Moser (1987). Mixing-modelling of a two compartment bioreactor for scale down approaches, Chem. Biochem. Eng., 1(4), 157-161. 

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