Biomphalaria

Although not very commonly used in the separation of nentral hpids, two-dimensional systems have been nsed to separate hydrocarbons, steryl esters, methyl esters, and mixed glycerides that move close to each other in one-dimensional systems. Complex neutral lipids of Biomphalaria glabrata have been first developed in hexane diethyl ether (80 20), dried, and the plates have been turned 90°, followed by the second development in hexane diethyl ether methanol (70 20 10) for complete separation of sterol and wax esters, triglycerides, free fatty acids, sterols, and monoglycerides [54]. 

Freshwater snail, Biomphalaria glabrata 500 By day 33 of exposure embryo survival was reduced 50% and adult growth and reproduction inhibited 9... 

Munzinger, A. and M.L. Guarducci. 1988. The effect of low zinc concentrations on some demographic parameters of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say), mollusca gastropoda. Aquat. Toxicol. 12 51-61. 

Biomphalaria, Bulinus)-, 25,000 pg/L for 3.5—4 h Common mussel, Mytilus edulis ... 

Zhang. S. M. and Loker, E. S., Representation of an immune responsive gene family encoding fibrinogen-related proteins in the freshwater mollusk Biomphalaria glabrata, Gene, 341, 255, 2004. 

Therefore, we conducted additional bioassays of four of the F. macrophylla isobutylamides with the house mosquito, Culex pipiens and the freshwater snail, Biomphalaria glabratus (Tables II, III). Both species are of medical importance. 

Table III. Lethal activity in ppm) of natural isobutylamides against the snail Biomphalaria glabratus. ...

Molluscicidal activity. Methanol extract of the leaf, at a concentration of 2000 ppm for 2 hours of exposure, was active on Biomphalaria glabraw . 

Moluscicidal activity. Methylene chloride extract of the dried leaf, at a concentration of 400 ppm, was inactive on Biomphalaria glabrata. Methylene chloride and methanol extracts of the dried root were also inactive . ... 

El-Sawi reported the molluscicidal activity of alcoholic extracts from aerial parts of Acacia saligna, which exhibited strong activity against Biomphalaria alexandrina, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. These extracts were particularly rich in flavonoids and more especially in a new compound identified as 8-C-glucosyldihydrokaempferol. 

The marine cyanobacterium Lyngbia majuscula is toxic to the mollusc Biomphalaria glctbrata. This activity (LCioo 10 pg/ml) is due to barbamide (141), which contains a trichloromethyl group and the methyl enol ether of a (3-keto amide [112]. 

Coustau, C., Ataev, G., Jourdane, J. and Yoshino, T.P. (1997) Schistosoma japonicum in vitro cultivation of miracidium to daughter sporocyst using a Biomphalaria glabrata embryonic cell line. Experimental Parasitology 87, 77-87. 

Heyers, O., Walduck, A.K., Brindley, P.J., BleiB, W., Lucius, R., Dorbic, T., Wittig, B. and Kalinna, B.H. (2004) Schistosoma mansoni miracidia transformed by particle bombardment infect Biomphalaria glabrata snails and develop into transgenic sporocysts. Experimental Parasitology 1 05, 1 74-1 78. 

Kapp, K., Coustau, C., Wippersteg, V., Jourdane, J., Kunz, W. and Grevelding, C.G. (2003) Transplantation of in v/tro-generated Schistosoma mansoni mother sporocysts into Biomphalaria glabrata. Experimental Parasitology 91, 482 185. 

Laursen, J.R. and Yoshino, T.P. (1999) Biomphalaria glabrata embryonic (Bge) cell line supports in vitro miracidial transformation and early larval development of the deer liver fluke, Fascioloides magna. Parasitology 1 1 8, 1 87-1 94. 

Vermeire, J.J., Boyle, J.P. and Yoshino, T.P. (2004) Differential gene expression and the effects of Biomphalaria glabrata embryonic (Bge) cell factors during larval Schistosoma mansoni development. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 135, 153-1 57. 

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