Conversion, biomass technology

This review limits itself to the treatment of high-temperature thermochemical biomass conversion technologies. There are very good overviews of biological conversion technologies for hydrogen production, for example, Ni et al.13 and Zaborsky.29... 

Biomass conversion technologies can be divided into direct production technology routes and technologies aimed at the conversion of storable intermediates. Direct routes have the advantage of simplicity. Indirect routes have additional production steps, but have an advantage in that there can be distributed production of the intermediates, minimizing the transportation costs of the biomass. Intermediates can be... 

Many available biomass feedstocks have a high moisture content, which lowers their heat value. Preprocessing can help, but adds to the cost. There are also some biomass conversion technologies that are only marginally beneficial and this keeps them from being cost-competitive. 

The chapters of this book have been selected to provide an introduction to the catalytic issues of biomass conversion processes. The introductory chapters make clear the political decisions, especially in the EU, that drive biomass conversion technology, its prospects compared with other options for renewable energy, and the main technological options for conversion of biomass into secondary energy carriers. 

Demirbas, A. 2000. Recent advances in biomass conversion technologies. Energy Edu Sci Technol 6 19 1. 

We examine some common principles of green chemistry in Section 16.2. Raw materials including recycling are discussed in Sections 16.3, and 16.4 reviews biomass conversion technologies. Sections 16.5 through 16.7 discuss the sense and nonsense of green chemistry and biofuels from various perspectives. 

One of the most irrportant barriers to an accelerated penetration of all biomass conversion technologies is that of adequate resource supply. Figure 2 depicts the technology reliability of using the most important feedstocks in gasification applications. 

Competitiveness Assessment of Applications of Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Technologies... 

As the assessment of the competitiveness of applications of different biomass conversion technologies is investigated in this paper, it is in ortant to identify comparable possibilities for the investor. 

So, as the comparison of technology related data and the comparison of specific cost are not likely to describe competitiveness for different kinds of biomass conversion technologies, it seems to be necessary to choose the application of technologies as a basis for describing the competitive situation. The term application is used in this paper to describe a plant and its purpose, size, the fuel used, the aimual operation time, the specific labour cost and the cost for the conventional alternatives given for the investor. 

As CF is a non-dimensional factor describing a cost relation, the economic competitiveness of different applications of different biomass conversion technologies can be compared to each other. 

The kind of the biomass conversion technology (Table 4) used in the application gives information on the technology related data as efficiencies, specific cost etc. 

Biomass conversion technologies, which can convert already available biomass into a variety of solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels, capable of being utilized more efficiently and productively, will be essential if the future subsistence and developmental energy needs of rural areas in developing countries are to be met. This paper represents a very preliminary attempt at assessing the contribution biomass conversion could make in the context of the rural areas of six developing countries India, Indonesia,... 

Biomass conversion technologies can be classified into three main types Anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis and alcohol fermenta-... 

From this preliminary analysis we see that biomass conversion technologies have the potential to meet the projected rural energy demands in both the subsistence and developmental categories in five out of the six countries. Only in the case of India does there appear to be a relative shortfall and much of that is in the category of liquid fuels. This shortage reflects the fact that the technology we have chosen, methanol from wood, requires an input which is in relatively short supply in India. 

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