Biomass analysis

The Importance of Reliable Compositional Methods for Biomass Analysis... 

The Need for Accurate, Real-Time Biomass Analysis Methods... 

Sample Preparation. Sample preparation is an important but often overlooked part of biomass analysis. Biomass sample preparation must take several factors into account. The object of sample preparation is to enable the analysis to be done on a small scale while ensuring that the analysis of the small sample provides valid information about the larger bulk sample. Typically, biomass sample preparation includes drying, milling, sieving, and homogenizing. 

Rapid Analytical Methods. One approach to industrial biomass analysis is to use published,... 

Improvements in the wet chemical calibration methods and the incorporation of additional calibration samples are continuously improving these rapid biomass analysis methods. In the future, information on these samples of com stover can be updated using improved methods by reevaluation of their stored electronic spectra. 

The development of rapid biomass analysis methods is limited within the DOE program to feedstocks and processes currently used in... 

Hames, B. R., Thomas, S. R., Sluiter, A. D., Roth, C. J., and Templeton, D. W., Rapid biomass analysis New tools for the compositional analysis of com stover feedstocks and process intermedites from ethanol production. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2003, 105-108, Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium for the Biotechnology of Fuels and Chemicals, 1-12. 

This project focuses on the development of high-resolution thermogravimetric analysis (HR-TGA) as a rapid, low-cost method for the analysis of biomass composition of shmb willow. The goal is to provide an alternative method for biomass analysis that is faster and... 

Deployment of biomass analysis into the private sector will more likely be in the form of high-throughput methods that will be calibrated using, and validated relative to, the best chemical and structural tools available, providing a research environment rich in high quality data. 

Smay, V. E. Popular Science 1978, June, pp 90-91 Weisz, P. 8. Marshall, J. F. "High Grade Fuels From Biomass — Analysis of Potentials and Constraints", International Symposium On Energy and Technology, International Association of Science and Technology for Development (I.A.S.T.E.D.), Montreux, Switzerland, June 19-21, 1979 Weisz, P. 8. Marshall, J. F. "Fuels From Biomass A Critical Analysis of Technology Economics" Marcel Dekker New York City, in press. 

Karagoz, S., Bhaskar, T, Muto, A., Sakata, Y, Oshiki, T., Kishimoto, T. Low-temperature catalytic hydrothermal treatment of wood biomass analysis of Uquid products. Chem EngJ2005,108,127-137. 

D. Tillman, E. Hughes, and B. Gold, "Cofiring of Biofuels in Coal Eked Boilers Results of Case Study Analysis," Proceedings First Biomass Conference... 

Distribution of Carbon. Estimation of the amount of biomass carbon on the earth s surface is a problem in global statistical analysis. Although reasonable projections have been made using the best available data, maps, surveys, and a host of assumptions, the vaHdity of the results is impossible to support with hard data because of the nature of the problem. Nevertheless, such analyses must be performed to assess the feasibiHty of biomass energy systems and the gross types of biomass available for energy appHcations. 

A projection of biomass energy consumption in the United States for the years 2000, 2010, 2020, and 2030 is shown in Table 6 by end use sector (12). This analysis is based on a National Premiums Scenario which assumes that specific market incentives are appHed to aU. new renewable energy technology deployment. The scenario depends on the enactment of federal legislation equivalent to a fossil fuel consumption tax. Any incentives over and above those in place (ca 1992) for use of renewable energy will have a significant impact on biomass energy consumption. 

Table 30. Net Energy Analysis of Short-Rotation Wood Biomass Production ...

Location of the system boundaries also is important in the net energy analysis of integrated biomass energy systems. Thus tractors may be used to plant and harvest biomass. The fuel requirements of the tractors are certainly part of E, but is the energy expended in manufacturing the tractors also part of E Some analysts beheve that a complete study should trace all materials of constmction and fossil fuels used back to their original locations in the ground. 

A bacterium is grown aerobically with glucose as sole source of carbon and ammonium ions as nitrogen source. Experimental analysis shows that six moles of glucose are utilised for each mole of biomass produced. Write the reaction equation for growth if the elemental composition of the cells is CHi,666 CW Nojd. 

Several studies, based on models, examined the effects of land-use change on the global carbon cycle and conclude that there is a net release of carbon due to land clearing. However, the results and conclusions of these studies are based on assumed sizes of vegetation carbon pools which are inputs to the models. For example, Melillo et al. 24) concluded that boreal and temperate deciduous forests of the northern hemisphere are net sources of atmospheric carbon. Their analysis used values for carbon density derived by Whittaker and Likens 19) from work by Rodin and Bazilevich (27). Rodin and Bazilevich extrapolated results of small, unrelated studies in Europe and the USSR to estimate total biomass of Eurasian boreal and temperate deciduous forests. Their estimates have since been extrapolated to forests worldwide and are used often today. 

Zinc Analysis. For EMI of zinc accumulation of Ps. 244, the ligand salicylaldehyde-2-quinolylhydrazone (SAQH) was used. The SAQH was prepared by refluxing sallcylaldehyde (Aldrich) with 2-hydrazlnoqulnollne (Kodak) as described by Sommer al. (12). In methodology analogous to the tin work described above, known quantities of biomass were exposed to 1.0-30.0 ppm aqueous solutions of ZnBtj. Cell samples were periodically withdrawn from the zinc solution in attempts to measure the kinetics of accumulation of the metal. For EMI analysis cells were suspended in 0.20 mL PIPES and were then treated with 0.10 mL of 3.0 x 10 M SAQH in EtOH. The cell samples were then rewashed and resuspended in 0.30 mL PIPES for EHI analysis (A, =366 nm, A, =498 nm). 

The surface analyses of the Co/MgO catalyst for the steam reforming of naphthalene as a model compound of biomass tar were performed by TEM-EDS and XPS measurements. From TEM-EDS analysis, it was found that Co was supported on MgO not as particles but covering its surface in the case of 12 wt.% Co/MgO calcined at 873 K followed by reduction. XPS analysis results showed the existence of cobalt oxide on reduced catalyst, indicating that the reduction of Co/MgO by H2 was incomplete. In the steam reforming of naphthalene, film-like carbon and pyrolytic carbon were found to be deposited on the surface of catalyst by means of TPO and TEM-EDS analyses. 

H. Van der Werf and W. Verstraete, Estimation of active soil microbial biomass by mathematical analysis of respiration curves development and verification of the model. Soil Biol. Biochem. 19 252 (1987). 

A. Tunlid and D. C. White, Biochemical analysis of biomass, community structure, nutritional status and metabolic activity of microbial communities in soil. Soil Biochemistry, vol 7 (G. Stotzky and J. M. Bollag, eds.) Marcel Dekker, New York, 1992, p. 229. 

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