Bioluminescence triphosphate

McElroy, W. D., and Strehler, B. L. (1949). Factors influencing the response of the bioluminescent reaction to adenosine triphosphate. Arch. Biochem. 22 420-433. 

Today, bioluminescence reactions are used as indispensable analytical tools in various fields of science and technology. For example, the firefly bioluminescence system is universally used as a method of measuring ATP (adenosine triphosphate), a vital substance in living cells Ca2+-sensitive photoproteins, such as aequorin from a jellyfish, are widely utilized in monitoring the intracellular Ca2+ that regulates various important biological processes and certain analogues... 

Enzymatic Assay. The enzymatic (luciferase) assay for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the methods applied to areas of biocidal control in oil production operation [1454]. A reliable method for the determination of ATP is the measurement of bioluminescence produced by the luciferin luciferase system. 

Wildish DJ (1976) Determination of adenosine 5 -triphosphate in estuarine water and sediments by firefly bioluminescence assay. Technical report of the fisheries maritime service research division, no. 649... 

Aminophthalate anion Atmospheric pressure active nitrogen Analyte pulse perturbation-chemiluminescence spectroscopy Arthromyces rasomus peroxidase Ascorbic acid Adenosine triphosphate Avalanche photodiode 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl 2,6-Di-t< r/-bu(yl-4-mclhyl phenol Bioluminescence Polyoxyethylene (23) dodecanol Bovine serum albumin Critical micelle concentration Calf alkaline phosphatase Continuous-addition-of-reagent Continuous-addition-of-reagent chemiluminescence spectroscopy Catecholamines Catechol... 

The ATP test is a bioluminescence procedure based on the reaction between adenosine-5-triphosphate (ATP) and a luciferin-luciferase enzymatic system (42, 43). The principle of the test relies on the fact that after a certain incubation period the intracellular ATP level, which gives a reliable indication of the state of development of a suitable bacterial culture (44), will remain low relative to a control, when antimicrobial residues are present. In its first version the ATP test employed Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 as the test organism, but a current version is based on the use of Streptococcus thermophilus T.J. culture. 

Figure 5.26 Mechanism of a bioluminescence reaction. A luciferin is oxidized in the presence of an enzyme (luciferase Lz) and adenosine triphosphate, ATP...

A more rapid test method, developed by the British Textile Technology Group in the late 1980s, is based on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) luminescence. The growth of microorganisms is assessed by firefly bioluminescent detection and ATP analysis. ... 

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) methods (measures ATP production in living cells using bioluminescence)... 

A familiar example of chemiluminescence is the light emitted by a firefly. In the firefly reaction, an enzyme, luciferase, catalyzes the oxidative phosphorylation reaction of luciferin with adenosine triphosphate to produce oxyluciferin, carbon dioxide, adenosine monophosphate, and light. Chemiluminescence involving a biological or enzyme reaction is often termed bioluminescence. The popular light stick is another familiar example of chemiluminescence. 

Groivth-based technologies—biochemical assays, headspace pressure, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence, colorimetric detection of CO2, and impedance (electrical activity)... 

His research with Grace Picciolo led to his invention of a method for the detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The technique takes advantage of the naturally occurring luciferase enzyme and the chemical lu-ciferin. Both are obtained from the lantern of a firefly hence, this technique is sometimes referred to as a firefly bioluminescent assay. In combination with ATP and magnesium ions, luciferm and luciferase fluoresce, generating a light intensity that is proportional to the amoimt of ATP present. 

Chemiluminescence is also found in fireflies. The male firefly uses the reaction of a luciferin substrate and the enzyme luciferase with oxygen, with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an energy source, to create the illumination it uses to attract a mate. Because the detection of very minute amounts of light is possible, chemiluminescence and bioluminescence have become the basis of many sensitive analytical and bioanalytical techniques or assays used to quantify particular compounds in samples. Indeed, the use of these techniques is broad enough to justify the existence of a journal devoted to them, the Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence. 

P. J. Worsfold and A. Nabi, The Bioluminescent Determination of Adenosine Triphosphate with a Flow-Injection System. Anal. Chim. Acta, 171 (1985) 333. 

Since the colony assay cannot be used to measure stan and progenitor cell proliferation parameters, a different readout was required. Originally, a methylcellulose version of the colony-forming assay was rebuilt to incorporate a adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence readout for 96-well plates (Rich and Hall, 2005 Rich, 2007). This first-generation hematopoietic assay produced colonies that could be manually enumerated to determine cell differentiadon followed by a second readout on the same cells in which the cells in the colonies were lysed to release the intracellular ATP... 

If it is desired to use the quenched scintillation cocktail as a reference source for the firefly bioluminescent reaction for ATP assays, it is only necessary to react a known number of firefly luciferln molecules with a large excess of luciferase and adenosine triphosphate, to obtain a new constant for Eq. (25)... 

If luminescence is a result of a biochemical reaction, the principle is called bioluminescence. The most frequently used bioluminescence system is that of the firefly. The enzyme luciferase catalyses the oxidation of luciferin as a substrate in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (Scheme 7). Another bioluminescence system makes use of a luciferase from certain marine bacteria. A long-chain aldehyde is oxidized in the presence of luciferase, an oxido-reductase and NAD/NADH. Recently, a photoprotein isolated from the bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria, has been found to be an efficient bioluminescence label for immunoassays. 

The emission of light from fireflies has enchanted observers for millennia. However, it was not until comparatively recently (1947) that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was identified as being the key component in the enzymatically controlled luciferin luminescence. The analytical utility of firefly bioluminescence was first demonstrated in 1952. Since that time the luciferin-luciferase reaction has been extensively employed for analysis in a wide variety of scientific disciplines. 

The bioluminescence technique is applied for quantitative measurement of tumor burden, treatment response, immune cell trafficking, and detection of gene transfer [40]. The luminescence property depends on adenosine triphosphate and oxygen-dependent enzymatic conversion of exogenous luciferin to oxyluciferin by luciferase within living cells. An emission spectrum is produced with a peak of approximately 560 nm, which can be detected by a highly sensitive charge coupled device camera at 10-15 min after injection of luciferin and lasts for 60 min in mice [41]. 

Quick detection and identification of bacterial urinary Tract Infections have been performed by microfluidic isotachophoresis (Rapid detection of urinary tract infections using isotachophoresis and molecular beacons. Microfluidic Technologies Laboratory, n.d.). Bioluminescence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in a microfluidic lab-on-chip platforms have also been proposed for urinary tract infection (UTI) detection (Shilun Feng et al., 2014). 

According to all of previously stated this research aimed to assess the levels of knowledge and calculate the performance indicators of hand washing through a questionnaire and from the process of quantification of adenosine triphosphate levels (method of bioluminescence) in the hands of health professionals (dentists and assistants dental) of Pombal s dental clinics. 

Combining reaction (8.9) with cofactors like ATP (adenosine triphosphate) results in extremely sensitive bioluminescence sensors. As an example, trace concentrations (down to femtomolar) of creatinkinase have been determined. This enzyme plays an important role in diagnostics of myocardial diseases. The reaction follows the scheme given in Eq. (8.10), where AMP (adenosine monophosphate) is a reaction product of ATP ... 

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