Forest cover

Ursic, S. J. and Dendy, F. E. (1965). Sediment yields from small watersheds under various land uses and forest covers. Proceedings, Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Conference 1963. US Dept, of Agriculture Misc. Publ. 970,47-52. 

According to recent studies, the forests covering about 30% of the earth s surface [1] contain 80% terrestrial biomass and provide habitat for about half of the world s known species of plants and animals [2]. Forests provide a wide range of ecological, economic, and social assets, as well as services such as climate regulation through the storage of carbon in complex physical,... 

Hansen M, Potapov P, Moore R, Hancher M, Turubanova S, Tyukavina A, Thau D, et al. High-resolution global maps of 21 st-century forest cover change. Science, 2013. 342(6160) pp. 850-853. doi 10.1126/science.l244693... 

Key I. Billion persons 2. cities with population greater than 8 million 3. average daily food production in caloriescapita 4. annual fish catch in million tons 5. annual water use in cubic kilometers 6. index of forest cover, 1950 = 100 7. annual CO2 emissions in billion tons of carbon 8. atmospheric concentration of CFCs in parts/billion. 

Many petrels and shearwaters approach their nest burrow, often located under forest cover, at night. When Leach s petrel Occanodroma leucorrhoa) return to their nest, they first hover over the spruce-fir canopy near their burrow. Then they plummet to the ground several meters downwind from their nest site and walk upwind to their burrows (Fig. 4.6). In still air, they landed closer to the burrow and followed a more roundabout route than in wind. With external nares plugged or olfactory nerves transected, displaced birds did not return to their burrows for 1 week. In a laboratory two-choice apparatus, breeding petrels... 

The most extensive land resource is the forest, covering 1/3 of the land mass. This is the foundation of the large forest industry in Canada an industry employing 1 million people, 300 000 directly and 700 000 indirectly, and providing almost 20 of the value of the export trade. Data from FAO (5) sources show the statistics of the major forest countries marked in order of their forest inventories. (6)... 

Colina-Tejada, A., A. Ambles, and P. Jambu. 1996. Nature and origin of soluble lipids shed into the soil by rainwater leaching a forest cover of Pinus maritima sp. European Journal of Soil Science 47 637-643. 

Figure 3.9 shows the role of forest vegetation in C02 dynamics. In addition to these results, note that experiments with global models make it possible to trace the dependence of the composition of atmospheric gas on the structure of planetary forest cover. From the available estimates, the total area of forests for t0 = 1970 can be estimated at = crL(t0) 40.3 41.84 106 km2 (Watson et al., 2000), 1% constituting national parks and forest reserves. With the formulated scenario, let us assume tL = 2050, = (rx(t )) = 19.5 106 km2. As can be seen from Figure 3.6, the... 

In Ukraine forests cover only 15.6% of the territory, at that nearly half of them have environmental value. The country lacks for merchantable wood that is why timber is imported. The main forest areas are located in the Carpathians and Polissia (Forest Land) were more than 90% of wood is harvested. Wood potentially available for energy production makes up 1.6 mill m3/year of felling residues, 2.1 mill m3/year of wood processing waste, 3.8 mill m3/year of firewood that in sum is equivalent to 16 TWh/year. 

Society of American Foresters, Forest Cover Types of North America... 

The purpose of this chapter is twofold first, to analyze the role of extractive reserves as a potential factor in Amazonian biogeochemistry, using changes in forest cover and land use as drivers, and the carbon cycle as the example and second, to discuss a participatory model for scientific... 

Extractive reserves provide a new concept for Amazonia. Most implemented models for Amazonian development and conservation are based on a preservationist/developmen-talist dichotomy (Foresta 1991). In this dichotomy, forests and their ecosystem components are to be preserved in parks and biological reserves. Areas designated for development are exploited at varying degrees of intensity that usually involve the complete elimination of forest cover (pasture and annual crops) or partial extraction and degradation (selective logging). This... 

The relative magnitudes of the fluxes described in equation (2) can be compared graphically in Fig. 8.1. Although the erosion flux may be important on a local basis, it probably represents more a redistribution of carbon between the terrestrial and fluvial systems than a flux to the atmosphere. The dominant gas flux is from deforestation. Consequently, land uses that maintain forest cover and/or reduce the deforestation rate will have a major impact on the anthropogenic fluxes, thereby affecting the total... 

We also considered that involvement of extractivists in our research was essential. Ultimately, the extractivists are the ones who will make the decision to retain the majority of their land under forest cover or convert it to other types of managed land use less favorable for maintenance of natural biogeo-chemical cycles. In addition, by proactively seeking collaboration with local professionals, we felt that we could use our knowledge. 

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