Biodegradability, protein-based

C. Guda, S.B. Lee, and H. Daniell, Stable expression of a biodegradable protein-based polymer in stable tobacco chloroplasts. Plant Cell Reports 19 257-262, 2000. 

A few examples are discussed in Chapter 9 wherein the future will see the biosynthesis of biodegradable protein-based thermoplastics, materials to prevent postsurgical adhesions, temporary functional scaffoldings to direct tissue reconstruction, and drug delivery devices for new drug release regimens. 

The model determines the permeability levels for nanocomposite material at various loading levels of clay nanocomposites, which gives an understanding of barrier properties of film. Nielsen (1967) model (Equation 2) and Cussler (1988) model (Equation 3) were also compared for the prediction of barrier properties of biodegradable protein based nanocomposite material. 

Guilbert, S., Redl, A., Gontard, N. Mass transport within edible and biodegradable protein based materials Application to the design of acive biopackaging, CRC Press Boca Raton, 2000. 

Akagi T, Kaneko T, Kida T et al (2005) Preparation and characterization of biodegradable nanoparticles based on poly(y-glutamic acid) with L-phenylalanine as a protein carrier. J Control Release 108 226-236... 

PROGRESS IN DESIGN OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER-BASED MICROSPHERES FOR PARENTERAL CONTROLLED DELIVERY OF THERAPEUTIC PEPTIDE/PROTEIN... 

Selected examples of therapeutic peptide and protein including vaccines which have been encapsulated into biodegradable polymer-based microspheres are discussed in this section. Besides what is mentioned below, many other proteins and vaccines have been encapsulated in biodegradable polymers, so a glimpse of ongoing... 

Li, J. K., Wang, N., and Wu, X. S. (1997), A novel biodegradable system based on gelatin nanoparticles and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres for protein and peptide drug delivery, J. Pharm. Sci., 86(8), 891-895. 

Shunmugaperumal Tamilvanan, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, Progress in Design of Biodegradable Polymer-Based Microspheres for Parenteral Controlled Delivery of Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Oil-in-Water Nanosized Emulsions Medical Applications... 

There are a number of other families of biodegradable plastics, most at an earlier stage of development than those discussed above. Examples include protein-based... 

Despite of the encouraging potential of polymeric nano/microparticles, formulating a marketable peptide-delivery system still remains a major challenge. In this chapter, we have attempted to review the prospects and problems associated with polymeric nano/microparticles toward oral peptide delivery. Polymers are classified under three different categories (1) synthetic biodegradable polymers, (2) synthetic nonbiodegradable polymers, and (3) natural- and protein-based polymers (Table 57.2). 

Pescosolido, L., Piro, T., Vermonden, T., Coviello, T., Alhaique, F., Hennink, W.E., Matricardi, P. Biodegradable IPNs based on oxidized alginate and dextian-HEMA for controlled release of proteins. Carbohydr. Polym. 86, 208-213 (2011)... 

Over the last two decades, there has been an increasing interest in the industrial use of plant proteins for non-food applications because of their renewabiUty or biodegradability Plant proteins ve thus been used for the fabrication of materials such as films and coatings, adhesives, thermoplastics and surfactants. However, for many applications, it is necessary to confer and/or to improve some specific properties by chemical modification of the native proteins. Particularly, the esterification of their carboxyl and amide groups by a fatty alcohol (Fig 1) could lead to a protein-derivative with improved functional properties. Such modification would result into a lower water sensitivity of the protein-based products and it would therefore offer... 

Ayhllon-Meixueiro, F., 2000, Ph. D., Films biodegradables i base de proteines de... 

Chung, H.J., Lee, Y. Park, T.G. 2008, Thermo-sensitive and biodegradable hydrogels based on stereocomplexed Pluronic multi-block copolymers for controlled protein delivery . Journal of Controlled Release, vol. 127, no. 1, pp. 22-30. 

Protein-based plastics can be designed for a given environment to biodegrade in time periods ranging from days to decades. 

Figure 1.10. Ihermoplastics are polymers that melt at a temperature well below thermal decomposition such that they can be melted and formed into a desired shape as a melt. Shown are three thermoplastics, two are plastics of our daily use and a third is a designed protein-based thermoplastic that melts at 160°C and does not decompose until the temperature is raised above 250°C. The protein thermoplastic can be programmed to biodegrade with half-Uves ranging from days to decades when in an aqueous environment.

D.W. Urry, A. Pattanaik, M.A. Accavitti, C-X. Luan, D.T. McPherson, J. Xu, D.C. Gowda, T.M. Parker, C.M, Harris, and N. Jing, Tl-ansductional Elastic and Plastic Protein-based Polymers as Potential Medical Devices, in Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers, ed. by Domb, Kost, and Wiseman, Harwood Academic Publishers, Chur, Switzerland, pp. 367-386,1997. 

Produced from renewable resources Living organisms—E. coli, yeast, plants, and animals—can be designed to produce protein-based polymers. Protein-based polymers can be produced with renewable resources. They can be prepared without resorting to toxic and noxious chemicals, and they can be programmed for a desired biodegradation. For example, they can mean food for the fishes rather than death to marine life, as occurs with present plastics. Thus, protein-based polymers can be environmentally friendly for their complete life cycle, from production to disposal. 

Desirable at this point would be an implantable naltrexone delivery system that would not depend on patient compliance. It could be a biodegradable controlled release device, for example, injectable by hypodermic syringe for relatively short-term release. Alternatively, it could be implanted by trocar or by laparoscope for release for months as a biocompatible and biodegradable yet removable vehicle should patients circumstances warrant substantial pain control. As demonstrated below (see Figure 9.39), properly designed protein-based materials exhibit this potential. 

The materials of our approach are natural to the tissue to be restored they are protein-based polymers that are progammably biodegradable in their swollen state they degrade to natural amino acids without release of irritating acid (as occurs with the commonly used polyglycolic and polylactic acids) they are elastic and can match the compliance of the natural tissue they are biocompatible (the basic sequence in its contracted state appears to be simply ignored... 

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