Binding effect

Wight C A and Armentrout P B 1993 Laser photoionization probes of ligand-binding effects in multiphoton dissociation of gas-phase transition-metal complexes ACS Symposium Series 530 61-74... 

The way in which molecular chaperones interact with polypeptides during the folding process is not completely understood. What is clear is that chaperones bind effectively to the exposed hydrophobic regions of partially folded structures. These folding intermediates are less compact than the native folded proteins. They contain large amounts of secondary and even some tertiary... 

Burns SE, JP Hassett, MV Rossi (1996) Binding effects on humic-mediated photoreaction intrahumic dechlorination of mirex in water. Environ Sci Technol 30 2934-2941. 

Polycarboxylates may also be added to help prevent incrustations. It should be borne in mind, however, that magnesium is an essential component in most cases of stabilisation in peroxide systems, so any mixture of sequestrants should have minimum binding effect on this metal ion. 

The on-bead assay was conducted according to Scheme 3.19, which shows the chain of events, which leads to a colorimetric response, when an oligosaccharide binds effectively to the B. purpurea lectin. The lectin was covalently linked to biotin, a small molecule with an extremely high affinity for streptavidin. The bead-lectin-biotin conjugates were then exposed to streptavidin, linked to the enzyme alkaline phosphatase. Alkaline phosphatase hydrolyses phosphate esters [e.g., 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate (BCIP), 110]. When the 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-hydroxyindole (111) is released, in the presence of nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), it forms a dark purple, insoluble dye, thus staining beads where there was a favorable binding interaction. 

In subsequent studies it has been found that a combination of Lewis-acid and micellar catalysis can lead to huge (in fact, enzyme like) rate acceleration in water. In the absence of Lewis-acid catalysts, micelles tend to inhibit Diels-Alder reactions, largely because of the particular nature of the substrate binding sites at the micelle. This problem can be solved by adding Lewis-acid catalysts that bind effectively at the micellar surface. 

A major advantage of the orbital decomposition scheme of the KT is its ability to deal with orbital contributions to Se from molecular targets. This virtue has been particularly useful to theoretically analyze [25,33,40,41] the origin of the experimentally observed chemical binding effects and physical phase-state effects in the stopping power of light ions in compounds in the gas or in the condensed phase [20-24]. 

Equations (16) and (17) were then used to calculate the molecular orbital contributions to and - just as Oddershede and Sabin did in their more accurate calculations - a table for the velocity-dependence of core, bond, and lone-pair contributions to Se for protons was constructed [25,42], These results together with equation (10) lead to the calculation of the proton stopping cross section in compound materials with chemical binding effects incorporated. 

The orbital implementation of the KT has established a firm theoretieal basis for the CAB formalism whereby ehemieal binding effects on proton stopping cross sections may be estimated. Furthermore, we have given evidence on the flexibility of this theory to allow for the incorporation of alternative descriptions of orbital and total mean excitation energies - such as the OLPA scheme - which may be adapted for the study of energy-loss problems in matter under different conditions (i.e., gases, solids, and matter under high pressure). 

For gas targets (atomic and molecular) the theory yields quite reasonable predictions of proton stopping cross sections as compared with experiment. Moreover, since chemical binding effects are naturally incorporated in the theory, the construction of tables of the velocity-dependence of CAB contributions to 5 for different compounds allows - once and for all - the estimate of 5 for protons in materials with similar CAB components without resource to Bragg s additivity rule. 

Dopamine receptor D 48-bp repeat in IC3 Effect on clozapine binding Effect on G protein coupling (56,67,69,74-77,274)... 

Knowledge about receptor structure and receptor-ligand interactions, for example, homology models. X-ray and/or NMR structures, thermodynamics of ligand binding, effect of point mutations and dynamic motions of receptor and ligands. 

Dermatitis-producing effect. Fruit-fixed oil, applied externally to adults at an undiluted concentration, was active ". Diuretic activity. Decoction and infusion of the dried leaf, administered orally to adults at a dose of 5 mL/person for 20-25 days, increased daily urinary output by 100-145 mL, and did not affect blood/sodium, potassium, and chloride " . Ethanol (50%) extract of the fresh leaf, administered intragastrically to rats at a dose of 40 mL/kg, was active. Five parts of fresh plant material in 100 parts water/ethanol was used "". The extracts of leaves of three isolates—GO, AO, and CT—administered to Dahl salt-sensitive, insulin-resistant rats at a dose of 60 mg/kg for 6 weeks, were active . DNA-binding effect. Methanol extract of dried leaves and twigs, at a concentration of 1 pg/mL, was inactive "". ... 

Tannin-containing products, such as teas, for their binding effect on mucus membranes... 

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