Binder waxes

Fuel briquettes or boulets, made with petroleum binder Waxes, petroleum not produced in petroleum refineries... 

Products Water Inner dispering agent Macromolecular binder (wax, pitch, polymer)... 

Although there are many types of thermoplastic based binders being formulated, only a few binders are used in commercial production. Ihe most popular are the wax-based binders. Wax is chosen as die major component because of its low viscosity, low melting point and low decomposition temperature. This would lead to ease of mixing, ease of molding and short debinding time. To further enhance the performance of the feedstock, a secondary component is added. 

Uses Emollient, glass frit binders, waxes, emulsion stabilizers, esters, tertiary amines, surfactants, polymers, chemical intermediate emollient, emulsion stabilizer, vise, modifier, conditioner cosmetic formulations, skin care prods. opacifier Properties Lovibond 5Y/0.54 max. flakes, odorless sol. in IPA, acetone, naphtha. It. min. oil m.w. 272 sp.gr. 0.817 (60/25 C) vise. 42 SSU (210 F) m.p. 56-60 C b.p. 337-360 C (760 mm, 90%) acid no. 1.0 max. sapon. no. 3.0 max. 100% cone. 

The medium is the binder which provides for the adhesion of pigments. The most important types are the temper media (glue, egg, and gum), the oils, and wax. In addition, for wall painting there is the tme fresco technique, where the pigments are laid down in a fresh, wet plaster preparation layer. Several other media have been used, but much less frequendy, eg, casein temper. In modem paints, a number of synthetic resins are used for this purpose. Contemporary artist paints are often based on acryhc polymers (see Acrylic ester polymers Paints). 

EthylceUulose [9004-57-3], a cellulose either (qv), as prepared commercially, ie, of high DS, is thermoplastic and has alow density (1.14 g/cm ). It forms films of good thermostabiUty and excellent flexibiUty and toughness. EthylceUulose is used in lacquers, inks, and adhesives and is combined with waxes and resins in the preparation of hot-melt plastics. It is also used as a pharmaceutical tablet binder. 

Examples of plasticizers include adsorbed water and ethylene glycol for vinyl binders, stearic acid and oleic acid for wax binders, glycerine and ethylene glycol for clay bodies, and molten oils and waxes for thermoplastic polymers used in injection mol ding. 

If compression is requited to provide a stick or pan-type of product, the bulk components must be held together with a binder. Common binders ate various Hpids, polymers, polysaccharides, and waxes. Some binder compositions include water, which is removed by drying the compact. The amount of binder must be carefully controlled to yield a soHd, nonfragile compact that is soft enough to pay off. Excessive amounts of or improperly compounded binders glaze during use because of transfer of skin lipids to the compact. 

Soon after World War II the hard thermoplastic floor tile was developed. These tiles use coumarone resins as a binder for the other ingredients, which may contain fibrous fillers such as asbestos, inert fillers such as china clay and softeners such as paraffin wax. 

Kleberschicht, /. Boi.) aleurone layer. Klebe-stoff, m. adhesive substance, cement adhesive binder, -streifen, m. adhesive tape, -taffet, m. court plaster, -wachs, n. acUiesive wax, sticking wax. -zettel, m. gummed label, sticker, klebfahig, a. adhesive. 

Pressing is carried out within a cemented carbide die between two steel or cemented carbide punches. In order to impart enough mechanical strength to the blank to permit further manipulation without risk, removable organic binders (camphor, natural or synthetic waxes, latex or synthetic rubber, methyl polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose, ammonium alginate) are mixed into the powder, dissolved in a convenient volatile solvent. Some of these also act as lubricants thus minimizing the wear on the die. 

Waxes Beeswax, spermaceti, Chinese wax, lanolin (animal waxes) carnauba, candelilla, Japan wax, esparto (vegetable waxes) paraffin, ozokerite (fossil waxes) Paint binders, coatings, sealants, writing tablets, ingredients of cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations, sculptures... 

Lipids represent a remarkable class among the organic substances found in archaeological remains and works of art. They can derive from many sources, including vegetable oils, animal lipids, and waxes, and they have been used in many different ways in art and everyday activities. Lipid materials have been used extensively by ancient and modern populations as food, illuminants, waterproofing materials, binders, ingredients in medicines, cosmetics and balms. 

Evaluating the P/S ratio requires particular care first, because of the presence of mixtures of more than one binder, such as egg and oil in tempera grassa secondly, due to the presence of waxes, and in particular beeswax, which has been widely used as a coating and restoration material and thirdly, due to the contribution of FAs from other sources such as fouling or micro-organisms, which can considerably alter the P/S values from those expected for reference materials. For instance, because the ratio for walnut oil falls between the value of linseed oil, poppy oil and egg lipids, using the P/S ratio it is not possible to differentiate between pure walnut oil, and mixtures of linseed and poppy oil or egg. 

Each painter had his own technique the binding medium was thus prepared using different additives, giving rise to a variety of recipes for each technique. For example, it is believed that fig latex (a white liquid exuded by the fig tree) was commonly added to the egg tempera, and that animal or plant resins were added to oil- and wax-based binders. On account of their adhesive properties, these materials were used not only as paint binders, but also as consolidants in restorations, as ingredients in varnishes used to finish paintings, and as ingredients of mordants to apply metallic leaf decorations. 

Other additives such as waxes and polyethylene glycols melt at relatively low tem-peratnres and vaporize over a more narrow temperatnre range. Oxidation of the binder canses the temperature to increase more rapidly. For the thermolysis of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in air, decomposition occnrs by the mechanism of chain scission and oxidative degradation. 

Shear thickening, or dilatancy behaviour, is commonly associated with coarse powder suspensions, such as those used in powder metallurgy [25] and with low molecular weight (wax-based) binders. This can be seen in Fig. 5 for a coarse zir-... 

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