Binary instruction

Synthesis by binary instruction is a curious technique developed in the 1970s at the Institute of Sonology in the Netherlands. This technique is commonly known as non-standard synthesis, but in this book we prefer to use the more specific term - binary synthesis - in order to distinguish it from other methods that could also be classified as non-standard for example, Walsh synthesis and sequential waveform composition (discussed in Chapter 5). 

Most synthesis techniques presented in this book have their roots, in one way or another, in metaphorical models seeking inspiration from the acoustic world. The great majority of systems for software s)mthesis actually bias the design of instruments towards this type of inspiration. The binary instruction technique diverges from this approach. It departs from the idiomatic use of low-level computer instructions, with no attempt to model anything acoustic. 

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On the whole, loose modelling techniques tend to be very easy to implement, but their synthesis parameters are not straightforward to control because they bear little relation to the acoustic world. Computer technology also inspired a few loose modelling techniques, such as Walsh synthesis and synthesis by binary instruction. 

In essence, the technique resembles the statistical wavecycle synthesis technique introduced earlier, with the fundamental difference that here the breakpoints are deterministic, in the sense that the segments are defined explicitly rather than statistically. Despite the deterministic nature of the technique itself, its outcome is often unpredictable, but notwithstanding interesting and unique. Like the binary instruction technique discussed in Chapter 2, synthesis by sequential waveform composition is also commonly referred to as non-standard synthesis. Indeed, in order to work with this technique one needs to be prepared to work with non-standard ways of thinking about sounds, because its s)mthesis parameters by no means bear a direct relation to acoustics. 

There is a number of very pleasing and instructive relationships between adsorption from a binary solution at the solid-solution interface and that at the solution-vapor and the solid-vapor interfaces. The subject is sufficiently specialized, however, that the reader is referred to the general references and, in particular, to Ref. 153. Finally, some studies on the effect of high pressure (up to several thousand atmospheres) on binary adsorption isotherms have been reported [154]. Quite appreciable effects were found, indicating that significant partial molal volume changes may occur on adsorption. 

The design of a distillation column is based on information derived from the VLE diagram describing the mixtures to be separated. The vapor-liquid equilibrium characteristics are indicated by the characteristic shapes of the equilibrium curves. This is what determines the number of stages, and hence the number of trays needed for a separation. Although column designs are often proprietary, the classical method of McCabe-Thiele for binary columns is instructive on the principles of design. 

Transition elements, for which variable valency is energetically feasible, frequently show non-stoichiometric behaviour (variable composition) in their oxides, sulfides and related binary compounds. For small deviations from stoichiometry a thermodynamic approach is instructive, but for larger deviations structural considerations supervene, and the possibility of thermodynamically unstable but kinetically isolable phases must be considered. These ideas will be expanded in the following paragraphs but more detailed treatment must be sought elsewhere. " ... 

Although unknown at the time, some of the earliest uses of fire represented a binary signaling system that was even used during the American Revolution. On the evening of April 18, 1775, Joseph Warren sent for Paul Revere and instructed him to ride from... 

Output messages have a format that is similar to input messages they are binary strings and are divided into an identifier and a data portion. We shall assume that any output message that starts with oi is an instruction to a heater in the reactor. The remaining digits in the message indicate the power to be supplied to the heater, as specified in Table 9.3. 

The order-disorder transition of a binary alloy (e.g. CuZn) provides another instructive example. The body-centred lattice of this material may be described as two interpenetrating lattices, A and B. In the disordered high-temperature phase each of the sub-lattices is equally populated by Zn and Cu atoms, in that each lattice point is equally likely to be occupied by either a Zn or a Cu atom. At zero temperature each of the sub-lattices is entirely occupied by either Zn or Cu atoms. In terms of fractional occupation numbers for A sites, an appropriate order parameter may be defined as... 

Before describing variations in the critical points in the four-component water-gas shift mixture it is instructive to examine the critical points in the various binary mixtures. There are six binary pairs to consider. 

Since all these synergistic effects depend upon the values of 3 and 3. we have determined 3 and 3 values for many binary systeBB with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. It is instructive to see how the values are affected by the nature of the chemical structures of the two surfactants that are present in the systems and by the molecular environment surrounding them. 

Obtaining adsorption constant data in complicated reaction systems, such as HDS processes, is difficult as can be seen from the preceding discussion. It is often more instructive to determine the relative adsorption behaviors for competing materials in binary mixtures. This has been done by many authors and this approach is discussed next. 

Comparison to the Logical Key Hierarchy (LKH) approach Readers familiar with the LKH method of [42,43] may find it instructive to compare it to the Complete Subtree Scheme. The main similarity lies in the key assignment - an independent label is assigned to each node in the binary tree. However, these labels are used quite differently - in the multicast re-keying LKH scheme some of these labels change at every revocation. In the Complete Subtree method labels are static what changes is a single session key. 

First, that a code describing complex living creatures can be constructed from four letters should be no surprise today, when we are used to the binary code (Is and Os) used to store information and instructions (programs) on computers. It s the way you combine these that counts. (Keep in mind that this would not have been so obvious 60 or 70 years ago.)... 

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