Structural deviation

In a real biological system, DNA is mostly surrounded by many proteins. Protein binding to DNA involves a number of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic contacts between two biopolymers, and induces not only structural deviation from the typical B-form structure, but also electronic perturbation of the -stacked array of base pairs. We tackled the electronic effects of protein binding on the efficiency of hole transport by using a restriction en-... 

The characterization of the rhodium complexes formed under hydroformylation conditions by NMR techniques and in situ IR spectroscopy showed that there is a relationship between the structure of the [HRh(CO)2 (BINAPHOS)] species and their enantiodiscriminating performance. Thus, (R,S)- and (S,R)-BINAPHOS ligands show high equatorial-axial (ea) coordination preference with the phosphite moiety in the axial position. Meanwhile, the characterization of the (R,R)- and (S,S)-BINAPHOS ligands suggests that there is either a structural deviation of the monohydride complexes from an ideal TBP structure or an equilibrium between isomers [20,34],... 

The spectroscopic data of phosphine-phosphite complexes show slight differences between the (R,S) and (S,R) complexes on the one hand and the (R,R) and (S,S) complexes on the other. In the latter compounds the data are less clear-cut, which could be due to structural deviations of the monohydride complexes from an ideal trigonal bipyramid or to equilibria between isomers. The two ea isomers cannot be distinguished by IR spectroscopy as their absorptions tend to coincide [82],... 

Both XX and XXI undergo propagation (presumably through the corresponding oxonium ions). The two equilibria (Eqs. 7-38 and 7-39) do not proceed to the same extent, with the result that the copolymer structure deviates from that of the monomer [Szwarc and Perrin, 1979]. 

In order to determine the constant 7, we computed the radial distribution functions for the two types of the Sierpinski gaskets under consideration. In Fig. 6.6 these functions are plotted, as averaged over all sites of the finite gaskets at the 11th stage. Due to the finite size of the structures, deviations... 

In all these electrostatic considerations the surface of the ionic crystal was idealized, as described in Sec. IV,2, as if it were cut by means of an ideally sharp razor blade. Our lack of knowledge of the structural deviations of the surface arrangements with respect to the structure inside the crystal renders it impossible for us to make any quantitative or semiquantitative statements regarding the actual adsorption energies caused by electrostatic forces. We can only say that in most ionic crystals negative ions i.e., halide ions or oxide ions, tend to form the outside (adsorbing) surface. We shall have an opportunity (see, for example, Secs. V,5 and VI,5) to revert to this phenomenon. 

Malformations are developmental deviations that (1) are gross structural changes, (2) are incompatible with life, or (3) may affect the quality of life. Variations are structural deviations that are thought to have no effect on body conformity or the well-being of the animal. 

The clusters in Fig. 8 are of course arbitrary, but typical, although structures deviating from these are known. Some of these shall be discussed later. 

In connection with quantifying possible changes in the structure of liquids due to confinement in pores, an old rule, known as Gurvitsch s rule ) may be mentioned. It states that for a variety of different liquids the total pore volume is within narrow limits identical, if computed on the basis of their bulk densities. For Instance, McKee l finds a maximum variation of 4% for a number of organic adsorptives on silica gel with a (Kelvin) radius of 1.7 nm. suggesting that only minor structural deviations take place. However, for more strongly associated liquids like water, and for narrower pores, the deviations may be larger. Then the liquid-solid interaction also starts to play its role. 

Some consequences of such structural deviations are that in narrow pores the contact angle and surface tension may differ from their macroscopic values. Also the liquid-vapour phase behaviour differs from that in bulk. Here we shall... 

Structure Analysis. The analysis was hampered by the fact that the structure deviates only a little from space group Pcan (No. 60, with an unconventional setting). The coordinates of Xe and F listed in Table I can be grouped as pairs related by the transformations, U —y, with... 

Thus, the pure KIK factor, if it exists, has not yet been isolated. It is thought that the anemia-inducing activity of the KIK factor from cancer stomach is due to some structural deviations in this material only, when compared with the noncancerous KIK substance. 

K. The alumina film is -0.5 nm thick and hydroxyl-free, its exact structure deviates from that of bulk aluminas [ 19,20,40]. Furthermore, Al Oj is a rather inert support oxide and we will thus focus on more active oxides herein. The experiments described below were performed in a UHV system described in Chap. 15 and in references [23, 41, 42] (cf. Fig. 15.9). 

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