Bifidobacterium animalis

Some probiotics also stimulate secretory IgA production and activate regulatory T cells (Fukushima et al., 1998). These effects have been seen in human studies and demonstrate that anti-Polio slgA is increased in those administered a probiotic preparation viable B. lactis Bb-12. Similarly, an increase in IgA+ cells was witnessed in mice administered L. casei (Galdeano and Perdigon, 2006). However, other studies have demonstrated that stimulation of slgA in humans is stimulated by a prebiotic preparation but not by administration of live probiotic (Bifidobacterium animalis) (Bakker-Zierikzee et ah, 2006). 

Cai, Y., Matsumoto, M., and Benno, Y., Bifidobacterium lactis Meile et al. 1997 is a subjective synonym of Bifidobacterium animalis (Mitsuoka 1969) Scardovi and Trovatelli 1974, Microbiol. Immunol., 44, 815, 2000. 

Pedroso DL, Dogenski M, Thomazini M, Heinemann RJB, Favaro-Trindade CS (2013) Microencapsulation of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis. and Lactobacillus acidophilus in cocoa butter using spray chilling technology. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 44(3) 777-783. 

Liserre, A.M., Re, M.I., and Franco, B.D.G.M. 2007. Microencapsulation of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis in modified alginate-chitosan beads and evaluation of survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Food Biotechnol. 21 1-16. 

Saarela, M. Virkajarvi, L Alakomi, H.L. Mattila-Sandhohn, T. Vaari, A. Suomalainen, T. Mattb, J. Influence of fermentation time, cryoprotectant and neutralization of cell concentrate on freeze-drying survival, storage stability, and acid and bile exposure of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis cells produced without milk-based ingredients. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2005, 99 (6), 1330-1339. 

Kailasapathy, K. Harmstorf, I. Phillips, M., Survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp lactis in stirred fruit yogurts. LWT-Food Science and Technology (2008) 41, 1317-1322. 

Smith, T. J., Rigassio-Radler, D., Denmark, R., Haley, T., Touger-Decker, R. (2013). Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG(R) and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12(R) on health-related quahty of fife in college students affected by upper respiratory infections. British Journal of Nutrition, 109(11), 1999-2007. http //dx.doi.Org/10.1017/S0007114512004138. 

A study by Lopez et al. (2012) has provided some new insights 10 EPS fractions isolated from three diSerent Bifidobacterium species (Bifidobacterium animalis, B. longum and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum) were shown to elicit a marginally increased production of PBMCs, but this seemed to be dependent upon the type of EPS tested. On the whole, an EPS that was of a neutral charge and a higher molecular mass caused a decrease in the immune response, whilst acidic, smaller EPSs were able to cause an increased response. 

Probiotic dairy products Same as for yogurt or buttermilk with the addition of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis and Lactobacillus acidophilus... 

Garrigues, C., Stuer-Lauridsen, B., Johansen, E. (2005). Characterisation of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and other probiotic bacteria using genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. Australian Journal of Dairy Technology, 60, 84—92. 

Gueimonde, M., Florez, A., van Hoek, A., Stuer-Lauridsen, B., Strpman, R, Reyes-Gavilan, C., et al. (2010). Genetic basis of tetracycline resistance in Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 76, 3364-3369. 

The removal of ochratoxin A and patulin from solution by 30 different LAB was studied by Fuchs et al. (2008). Results showed thatL. acidophilus was able to remove at least 95% of ochratoxin A from liquid medium, while Bifidobacterium animalis was able to bind and remove 80% of patulin in solution. Hatab, Yue, and Mohamad (2012) also studied the ability of LAB strains to remove patuhn from liquid medium, in this case apple juice. All 10 strains used in the experiments were able to remove the toxin, at significantly different amounts, with best binding ability shown by L rhamnosus 6224 (80.4%) and Enterococcus faecium 21605 (64.5%). According to the authors, the optimal mycotoxin removal was achieved at 30 °C, the binding was toxin concentration dependent (the amount of toxin removal increased with decreasing toxin levels) and the adsorption of patulin by LAB had no negative impact on the quality of the apple juice, based on various quahty parameters (Hatab et al., 2012). 

Exopolysaccharide Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis IPLA-Rl 207... 

Gueimonde M, Florez AB, van Hoek AHAM, et al. Genetic basis of tetracycline resistance m Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 76 3364-9. doi 10.1128/ AEM.03096-09. 

Ruiz-Moyano S, Tao NN, Underwood MA, Mills DA. Rapid discrimination of Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Food Microbiol. 2012 30(2) 432-7. doi 10.1016/j.fm.2011.12.012. 

Rochet V, Rigottier-Gois L, Ledaire A, et al. Survival of Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173 010 in the faecal microbiota after administration in lyophilized form or in fermented product—a randomised study in healthy adults. / Mol Microbiol Biotechnol. 2008 14 128-136. 

Lamendella et described that Bifidobacterium cunicuU, Bifidobacterium angulatum and Bifidobacterium gallinarum show a strict ecological adaptation to a particular animal gut, in this case rabbit, human and chicken, respectively. On the other hand, bifidobacteria belonging to the species Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Bifidobacterium dentium and Bifidobacterium catenulatum appear to display a more cosmopolitan lifestyle. ... 

Bifidobacteria are common inhabitants of the mammalian gut, but are also found in three other ecological niches human blood Bifidobacterium scardovii), sewage (eg.. Bifidobacterium minimum and Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum) and food products (e.g.. Bifidobacterium, animalis subsp. lactis). These three apparently atypical ecological origins are completely different from that of the gut. However, it is plausible that the identification of bifidobacteria in these environments may have been a consequence of accidental contaminations during the sampling procedures and/or from "natural" contaminations from human/animal gut origins. 

Kim JF, Jeong H, Yu DS, et al. Genome sequence of the probiotic bacterium Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis ADOll. / Bacterid. 2009 191(2) 678-679. 

Bottacini F, Dal Bello F, Turroni F, et al. Complete genome sequence of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BLCl. / Bacteriol. 2011 193 (22) 6387-6388. 

Salazar N, Ruas-Madiedo P, Kolida S, et al. Exopolysaccharides produced by Bifidobacterium longum IPLA E44 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis IPLA R1 modify the composition and metabolic activity of human faecal microbiota in pH-controlled batch cultures. 

Million M, Maraninchi M, Henry M, et al. Obesity-associated gut microbiota is enriched in Lactobacillus reuteri and depleted in Bifidobacterium animalis and Methanobrevibacter smithii. Int J Obesity. 2012 36(6) 817—825. 

Million M, Angelakis E, Maraninchi M, et al. Correlation between body mass index and gut concentrations of Lactobacillus reuteri. Bifidobacterium animalis, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Escherichia coli. Int J Obesity. 2013 37(11) 1460—1466. 

Exopolysaccharide B. amyloliquefadensis VKM B-2528, B. mojavensis VKM B-2650, B. sonerensis VKM B-2652 Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis ADOll 94... 

Einamore, A., RoseBi, M., Britti, M.S., et al. (2012). Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis MB5 induce intestinal but not systemic antigen-specific hyporesponsiveness in ovalbumin-immunized rats. J Nutr 142, 375-381. 

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