Reclamation Method

The precipitation processes used for the Zr- and Cu-bearing waste acids are discussed below. Bench-scale testing was conducted to determine the efficiency of Zr and Cu removal and to determine cake and solld/liquld separation characteristics under various operating conditions. These tests were also used to evaluate equipment performance and to develop operating procedures. 

In the bench-scale system, wetted surfaces in contact with heated HF-HNO3 were constructed of polypropylene or fluoropolymers. Surfaces in contact with the acid solutions at ambient temperature were constructed of polyproplyene, polyethylene, fluoropolymers, or polyvinyl chloride. Fiberglass and steel were used for reinforcement. 

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In the case of the multicomponent PET beverage bottles, once the labels are removed, the lighter HDPE fraction is separated from the heavier PET and aluminum pieces in a hydrocyclone system. It is at this stage that other reclamation methods often differ, using a separation step based on flotation methods Dittman suggests that the hydrocyclone system will be an improvement over the flotation methods. The HDPE chips are then dried and collected. 

The tests on the detoxification and reclamation method have demonstrated the following advantages in reprocessing metal-bearing spent acids from nuclear fuel fabrication ... 

The project adopts reclamation methods verified by investigations and experimental research, and uses industrial cycles and treatments presently available on an industrial scale. Treatment cycles will depend on contamination levels and presence of organic contaminants. 

Contents include site investigation, design, and Implementation reclamation methods dean cover technology encapsulation potentially combustible sites landfill and other gases health and safety and quality assurance. 

Figure 11.10. Stress-strain curves for concrete and concrete-polymer (CP-type concrete, cylinders 3 in. in diameter and 6 in. high). The upper (solid) curve is for CP concrete (PMMA, loading 5.4 wt %, = 5.5 X 10 psi) and the lower (solid) curve is for plain concrete (unloaded, E = 1.8 x 10 psi by the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation method, = 1.3 x 10 psi by secant method). The upper ends of the curves correspond to fracture. (Auskern and Horn, 1971.)...

It is the hydraulic filling that forms the main subject of this Manual. For information on other reclamation methods like dry earth movement or the construction of polders reference is made to other publications like manuals, guides, state of the art reports and/or codes of practice that more specifically deal with these techniques. 

Technical and economic evaluations of the feasibility of a dredging project clearly require both a full inventory of the requirements of the Client (expressed as the desired properties of the fill mass) and the boundary conditions, and also a thorough knowledge of the characteristics of the available dredging plant and reclamation methods. 

Preparation of Collected Materials. The actual amount of recovered MSW that can be recycled to meet buyers quaUty specifications is highly dependent upon how the material is collected and processed. There are primarily three methods available to collect MSW for recycling mixed waste, waste with commingled recyclables, or waste with separated recyclables. Which method of collection is chosen, in turn, determines the amount of preparation that is needed prior to reclamation and reuse. 

Chlorination was found (172) to be the most suitable and effective method for decolori2ing and reducing the COD of waste dyebaths containing a2o dyes. These findings have been substantiated for chlorination and biochemical purification (173). A study (174) has been done on the technical and economic feasibiUty of a chlorination dye wastewater reclamation system for treating effluent that is suitable for reuse in dyeing of polyester/cotton blends with disperse and direct dyes. 

Code of Practice for the Repair and Reclamation of Gray Iron Castings by Welding and Allied Methods, Proc. Inst. Brit. Foundrymen, 43 A1 14-122 (1950). 

Reconditioning is the removal of contaminants and oxidation products (at least in part) but not previously incorporated additives. It may also involve the addition of new oil and/or additives to adjust the viscosity and/or performance level. This process is sometimes referred to as laundering or reclamation . The method treats used lubricating oil to render it suitable for further service, either in the original or a downgraded application. Two types of treatment are generally employed. 

Deposition by metal spraying can also be used for the reclamation of worn parts in this case, surface preparation is often accomplished by machining, i.e. by cutting a rough thread on the surface or by increasing the surface area of the part by grooving. Such methods. are not, however, normally used in corrosion prevention, except in the case of pump rods, which can be built up with nickel or stainless steel. 

Whatever method of reclamation is used, there is always some loss of sand so that 100% reclamation can never be achieved. Sand losses include burn-on, spillage, and inefficiency in the sand system and the need to remove fines. Total sand losses of up to 10% may be expected. 

Revegetation is a cost-effective method to stabilize the surface of hazardous waste disposal sites, especially when preceded by capping and grading. Revegetation decreases erosion by wind and water and contributes to the development of a naturally fertile and stable surface environment. It may be part of a long-term site reclamation project, or it may be used on a temporary or seasonal basis to stabilize intermediate cover surfaces at waste disposal sites. 

Two mbber reclaiming plants use the wet digestion method for reclamation of mbber. 

The process developed at CPRR is said to be similar in its layout to those used in private industry. Most plastic reclamation systems are designed to work with rigid containers, such as PET beverage bottles, and HDPE milk or household product containers, because they are currently the easiest postconsumer items to collect and sort. PET beverage bottles are actually not one, but several materials a PET body (clear or green), a pigmented high-density polyethylene (HDPE) base cup, aluminum cap, label, and adhesives. To separate these components, either a dry or wet separation method based on one or more of the different physical properties of the materials can be used. 

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