Fragrance ingredients

Aroma chemicals are isolates, or chemically treated oils or components of oils. Some components are removed physically, others chemically. In most cases, they are further purified by distillation. For example, Bois de Rose (rosewood) oil may be distilled to isolate linalool, which may be then further treated chemically to yield derivatives such as linalyl acetate, an important fragrance ingredient and a primary component in its own right of lavender and lavandin oils. Vetiver oil Haiti, although containing only 70% alcohols, is treated with acetic anhydride, then carefully distilled to include valuable odor components in the distillate, even though they may not be esters. 

Myrcene with its conjugated diene system readily undergoes Diels-Alder reactions with a number of dienophiles. For example, reaction with 3-meth.5i-3-pentene-2-one with a catalytic amount of AlCl gives an intermediate monocyclic ketone, which when cyclized with 85% phosphoric acid produces the bicycHc ketone known as Iso E Super [54464-57-2] (49). The product is useful in providing sandalwood-like and cedarwood-like fragrance ingredients (91). 

Cadby P.H., W.R. Troy, and M.G.H. Vey (2002). Consumer exposure to fragrance ingredients Providing estimates for safety evaluation. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 36 246-252. 

Up until now, most of the published work on the SFE of natural products has been concerned primarily with nonpolar substances such as essential oils, lipids, flavor, and fragrance ingredients. However, recent reports have shown that some polar plant constituents (e.g. flavonoid glycosides, proteins, and steroidal glycosides) can be extracted by SFE as effectively as conventional organic solvent extraction. Examples of SFE applications for natural products are well reviewed in several literature sources [19-22]. 

Within the fragrance industry a self-regulatory work is increasing the safety of the substances used if the IFRA Code of Practice is followed.5 Recently, most of the IFRA guidelines on fragrance ingredients have been included in the legislation within EU. 

If combinations of phototoxic fragrance ingredients are used, the use levels have to be reduced accordingly. 

The sum of the concentrations of all phototoxic fragrance ingredients, expressed in % of their recommended maximum level, shall not exceed 100. 

The fact that the Committee recommends not to use a certain fragrance ingredient does not exclude the use of a natural fragrance material, containing that ingredient, providing there are sufficient data supporting the safe use of that natural material. 

Safrole is found in oils of camphor and saffras. It has been used medicinally as a counterirritant and for parasitic infections. It is also a listed carcinogen and cannot be used as a fragrance ingredient. 

In those cases, where such oils are used in combination with other phototoxic ingredients, the additive effect has to be taken into consideration and the use levels have to be reduced accordingly. The sum of the concentrations of all phototoxic fragrance ingredients, expressed in % of their recommended maximum level in the consumer product, shall not exceed 100. 

Crop Protection Chemicals Agrochemicals Fragrance Ingredients Fine Chemicals Optical Brighteners Pharmaceutical Intermediates Health Food Ingredients Industrial Additives... 

Sell C. Structure/odor correlations, the mechanism of olfaction and the design of novel fragrance ingredients. Perfumer Flavorist 2000 25 67-73. 

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