Beta cyclodextrin

Low cholesterol egg products are formed by extraction of cholesterol from the egg. Attempts have been made to extract cholesterol by using hexane or by supercritical CO2 extraction methods (24,25). A whole egg product in which 80% of the cholesterol is removed by a process using beta-cyclodextrin, a starch derivative, added to egg yolks has been introduced. The cyclodextrin binds up to 80% of the cholesterol, the mixture is centrifuged, and the Hquid separated. The cholesterol-reduced yolk is then blended with egg white, pasteurized, and packed in asceptic containers to give a Hquid whole egg product having a shelf Hfe of 60 days under refrigeration (see Eood packaging). 

M. Ressing, W. Jiskoot, H. Talsma, C. van Ingen, E. Beuvery, and D. Crommelin, The influence of sucrose, dextran, and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin as lyoprotectants for freeze-dried mouse IgG2a monoclonal antibosy (MN12), Pharm. Res., 9, 266... 

D. O. Thompson, and J. P. Mannermaa. Intestinal safety of water-soluble beta-cyclodextrins in paediatric oral solutions of spironolactone effects on human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells,... 

Gotti et al. [42] reported an analytical study of penicillamine in pharmaceuticals by capillary zone electrophoresis. Dispersions of the drug (0.4 mg/mL for the determination of (/q-penicillaminc in water containing 0.03% of the internal standard, S -met hy I - r-cystei ne, were injected at 5 kPa for 10 seconds into the capillary (48.5 cm x 50 pm i.d., 40 cm to detector). Electrophoresis was carried out at 15 °C and 30 kV, with a pH 2.5 buffer of 50 mM potassium phosphate and detection at 200 rnn. Calibration graphs were linear for 0.2-0.6 pg/mL (detection limit = 90 pM). For a more sensitive determination of penicillamine, or for the separation of its enantiomers, a derivative was prepared. Solutions (0.5 mL, final concentration 20 pg/mL) in 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8) were mixed with 1 mL of methanolic 0.015% 1,1 -[ethylidenebis-(sulfonyl)]bis-benzene and, after 2 min, with 0.5 mL of pH 2.5 phosphate buffer. An internal standard (0.03% tryptophan, 0.15 mL) was added and aliquots were injected. With the same pH 2.5 buffer and detection at 220 nm, calibration graphs were linear for 9.3-37.2 pg/mL, with a detection limit of 2.5 pM. For the determination of small amounts of (L)-penicillamine impurity, the final analyte concentration was 75 pg/mL, the pH 2.5 buffer contained 5 mM beta-cyclodextrin and 30 mM (+)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid, with a voltage of 20 kV, and detection at 220 nm. Calibration graphs were linear for 0.5-2% of the toxic (L)-enantiomer, with a detection limit of 0.3%. 

Hossain, M. A., Mihara, H. and Ueno, A. (2003). Novel peptides bearing pyrene and coumarin units with or without beta-cyclodextrin in their side chains exhibit intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 11178-11179. 

Filippone, S., Heimann, F., and Rassat, A. (2002) A highly water-soluble 2 1 beta-cyclodextrin-fullerene conjugate. Chem. Comm., 1508-1509. 

Lopez-Nicolas JM, Perez-Lopez AJ, Carbonell-Barrachina A and Garcia-Carmona F. 2007. Kinetic study of the activation of banana juice enzymatic browning by the addition of maltosyl-beta-cyclodextrin. J Agric Food Chem 55(23) 9655-9662. 

Hora et al. [3.19] described the complexity of protein stabilization by the example of recombinant, human Interleukin-2 (rhIL-2). Formulations with amino acids and mannitol/ sucrose are sensitive to mechanical stress e. g. by pumping. Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPcD) provides stability, but increases the sensitivity to oxygen. Polysor-bate 80 forms a mechanically stable product, but results in oxidation. In both cases contamination in the HPcD or traces of H202 in the Polysorbate may have been the starter for the oxidation. Brewster [3.20] reports, that HPcD stabilizes interleukin without forming aggregations and this results in 100 % biopotency. 

Murthy CN, Geckeler KE (2001) The water-soluble beta-cyclodextrin-[60]fullerene complex. Chem. Commun. 1194-1195. 

Liu Y, Zhao YL, Chen Y, Liang P, Li L (2005) A water-soluble beta cyclodextrin derivative possessing a fullerene tether as an efficient photodriven DNA-cleavage reagent. Tetrahedron Lett 46 2507-2511. 

Ventura CA, Giannone I, Musumeci T, Pignatello R, Ragni L, Landolfi C, Milanese C, Paolino D, Puglisi G (2006) Physico-chemical characterization of disoxaril-dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex and in vitro permeation studies. Eur J Med Chem 41 233-240. 

Elargitai, T., Kaida, Y., and Okamoto, Y., Preparation and chromatographic evaluation of 3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamoylated beta-cyclodextrin stationary phases for normal-phase high-performance liquid-chromatographic separation of enantiomers, J. Chromatogr., 628, 11, 1993. 

CM-fi-CD Carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin CSP Chiral stationary phase(s)... 

Fujimoto, C., Maekawa, A., Murao, Y, Jinno, K., and Takeichi, T., An attempt directed toward enhanced shape selectivity in reversed-phase liquid chromatography preparation of the dodecylaminated beta-cyclodextrin-bonded phase. Anal. Sci., 18, 65, 2002. 

Rodal SK, Skretting G, Garred O, Vilhardt E, van Deurs B, Sandvig K. Extraction of cholesterol with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin perturbs formation of clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles. Mol Biol Cell 1999 10(4) 961-974. 

Li-dodecyl sulfate, borate, beta-cyclodextrin MEKC/Chiral system with direct UV detection Neutral and charged solutes 52... 

Phosphate buffer, HS-beta cyclodextrin Chiral CE system with direct detection Charged and uncharged chiral analytes 53... 

Macchia, M., Manetto, G., Mori, C., Papi, C., Di Pietro, N., Salotti, V, Bortolotti, R, and Tagliaro, F. (2001). Use of beta-cyclodextrin in the capillary zone electrophoretic separation of the components of clandestine heroin preparations. /. Chromatogr. A 924, 499—506. 

Gong, Z. L., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., and Cheng, J. K. (1999). Capillary electrophoresis separation and permanganate chemiluminescence on-line detection of some alkaloids with beta-cyclodextrin as an additive.. Chromatogr. A 855, 329—335. 

Valko, I. E., Siren, H., and Riekkola, M. L. (1997). Determination of association constants of dansyl-amino acids and beta-cyclodextrin in N-methylformamide by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 18, 919-923. 

Hirayama, F., Minami, K., and Uekama, K., In-vitro evaluation of biphenylyl acetic acid-beta-cyclodextrin conjugates as colon-targeting prodrugs drug release behaviour in rat biological media, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 48 27-31 (1996). 

Fig. 1.—Chemical Structure and Numbering of the Atoms of Beta Cyclodextrin.

G1c -6 + alpha cyclodextrin G1c -7 + beta cyclodextrin G1c -8 + gamma cyclodextrin... 

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