In vitro permeation studies

The permeability of the drug substance can be determined by different approaches such as pharmacokinetic studies in humans (fraction absorbed or mass balance studies) or intestinal permeability studies (in vivo intestinal perfusion studies in humans or suitable animal models or in vitro permeation studies using excised intestinal tissue or epithelial cell culture monolayers like CaCo-2 cell line). In order to avoid misclassification of a drug subject to efflux transporters such as P-glycoprotein, functional expression of such proteins should be investigated. Low- and high-permeability model... 

Ungphaiboon S, Maitani Y (2001) In vitro permeation studies of triamcinolone acetonide mouthwashes. Int J Pharm 220 111-117... 

Xiang J, Fang X, Li X (2002) Transbuccal delivery of 2/,3/-dideoxycytidine In vitro permeation study and histological investigation. Int J Pharm 231 57-66... 

Richter T, Keipert S (2004) In vitro permeation studies comparing bovine nasal mucosa, porcine cornea and artificial membrane androstenedione in microemulsions and their components. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 58 137-143. 

Ventura CA, Giannone I, Musumeci T, Pignatello R, Ragni L, Landolfi C, Milanese C, Paolino D, Puglisi G (2006) Physico-chemical characterization of disoxaril-dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex and in vitro permeation studies. Eur J Med Chem 41 233-240. 

Reichl S, Dohring S, Bednarz J, Miiller-Goymann CC. Human cornea construct HCC-an alternative for in vitro permeation studies A comparison with human donor corneas. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 60 305-308 (2005). 

In vitro permeation studies employ a glass diffusion cell with the buccal tissue mounted between the two halves of the eell whieh may be filled with constantly stirred buffer solutions. The bueeal mueosa is exeised from the eanine, porcine, or rabbit eheek immediately after saerifiee. Permeation studies may provide meaningful results on the simultaneous proeesses of drug transport and metabolism in the tissue... 

The following methods can be used to determine the permeability of a drug substance from the gastrointestinal tract (1) in vivo intestinal perfusion studies in humans (2) in vivo or in situ intestinal perfusion studies using suitable animal models (3) in vitro permeation studies using excised human or animal intestinal tissues or (4) in vitro permeation studies across a monolayer of cultured epithelial cells. 

Shojaei, A.H., et al. 1998. Transbuccal delivery of acyclovir (II) Feasibility, system design, and in vitro permeation studies. J Pharm Pharm Sci 1 66. 

Bile salts used in permeation enhancement studies include the trihydroxy salts sodium cholate, sodium glycocholate, and sodium taurocholate (Figure 10.2) and the dihydroxy salts sodium deoxycholate, sodium glycodeoxycholate, and sodium taurodeoxycholate. Several in vitro permeation studies carried out in isolated animal buccal mucosa and in vivo bioavailability studies conducted in animals and human subjects have proven their potential as effective buccal permeation enhancers. 

Bond, J.R., and B.W. Barry. 1986. Limitations of hairless mouse skin as a model for in vitro permeation studies through human skin Hydration damage. J Invest Dermatol 90 486. 

Carafa, M., E. Santucci, and G. Lucania. 2002. Lidocaine-loaded non-ionic surfactant vesicles Characterization and in vitro permeation studies. Int J Pharm 231 21. 

Lee, C.H., and Y.W. Chien. 1996. In vitro permeation study of a mucoadhesive drug delivery for controlled delivery of nonoxynol-9. Pharm Dev Technol 1 135. 

Characterization of the polar permeation pathway is dependent upon obtaining quantitative data from permeation studies with ionic and/or polar permeants. One major obstacle to overcome in such studies is the skin sample-to-sample variability observed when in vitro permeation studies are conducted, particularly with ionic and polar permeants (Liu et al., 1993 Williams et al., 1992). Since our goal was to obtain detailed information regarding the nature of the pathway followed by polar permeants through the skin, it became apparent that... 

Tanojo, H., P. E. H. Roemel6, G. H. van Veen, H. Stieltjes, H. E. Junginger, and H. E. Bodde. 1997. New design of a flow-through permeation cell for studying in vitro permeation studies across biological membranes./. Contr. Rel. 45 41-47. 

In vitro Permeation Study of Leuprolide 6313 Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Depot Leuprolide... 

Chaiyana W, Rades T, and Okonogi S. (2013). Characterization and in vitro permeation study of microemulsions and liquid crystalline systems containing the anticholinesterase alkaloidal extract from Tabernaemontana divaricata. International Journal of Pharmaceuticals, 452, 201-210. 

Solomon, B., Sahle, F.E., Gebre-Mariam, T., Asres, K., and Neubert, R.H.H. 2012. Microencapsulation of citroneUa oil for mosquito-repeUent application Eormulation and in vitro permeation studies. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 80 61—66. 

Giingor S., Bektaj A., Alp F. I., Uydej-Dogan B. S., Ozdemir O., Araman A., Ozsoy Y. (2008). Matrix-type transdermal patches of verapamil hydrochloride In vitro permeation studies through excised rat skin and pharmacodynamic evaluation in rats. Pharm. Dev. Techno. . 13,... 

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