Water-soluble beta-cyclodextrin

D. O. Thompson, and J. P. Mannermaa. Intestinal safety of water-soluble beta-cyclodextrins in paediatric oral solutions of spironolactone effects on human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells,... 

Murthy CN, Geckeler KE (2001) The water-soluble beta-cyclodextrin-[60]fullerene complex. Chem. Commun. 1194-1195. 

Liu Y, Zhao YL, Chen Y, Liang P, Li L (2005) A water-soluble beta cyclodextrin derivative possessing a fullerene tether as an efficient photodriven DNA-cleavage reagent. Tetrahedron Lett 46 2507-2511. 

Kaukonen AM, Lennemas H, Mannermaa JP. Water-soluble beta-cyclodextrins in paediatric oral solutions of spironolactone preclinical evaluation of spironolactone bioavailability from solutions of beta-cyclodextrin derivatives in rats. ] Pharm Pharmacol 1998 50(6) 611-619. 

Erankewich RP, Thimmaiah KN, Hinze WL (1991) Evaluation of the relative effectiveness of different water-soluble beta-cyclodextrin media to function as fluorescence enhancement... 

Particle size distribution (oil droplets) using a light scattering technique was measured on a Leeds and Northrop Microtrak particle size analyzer as described by Weiss and Frock (18). Replicate samples of the encapsulated products were dissolved in water. The beta-cyclodextrin sample was only partially soluble therefore, the insolubles were allowed to separate out before removing the supernatent for evaluation. 

Filippone, S., Heimann, F., and Rassat, A. (2002) A highly water-soluble 2 1 beta-cyclodextrin-fullerene conjugate. Chem. Comm., 1508-1509. 

Rao, V., Haslam, J., and Stella, V. Controlled and complete release of a model poorly water-soluble drug, prednisolone, from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose matrix tablets using (SBE)(7m)-beta-cyclodextrin as a solubilizing agent. J. Pharm. Sci. 90 807—816, 2001. 

By using water-soluble organic solvents, usually referred to as precipitants, the reaction can be directed to produce only one cyclodextrin. In the presence of toluene, the enzyme from B. macerans produces only (3-cyclodextrin and linear starch chains. Beta-cyclodextrin can be separated from the soluble starch chains and recovered as a precipitated toluene complex. In the presence of decanol, a-cyclodextrin is the only cyclodextrin produced using the enzyme from B. macerans.21,22 Precipitants such as large cyclic compounds similar to musk oil23 or a-naphthol and methyl ethyl ketone (butanone)24 can be used to produce 8-cyclodextrin. 

Cyclodextrins are insoluble in most organic solvents (Table 22.3). Beta-cyclodextrin is soluble in some polar aprotic solvents and is more soluble in some of these solvents than in water. Cyclodextrins are somewhat soluble in mixtures of water and... 

Beta-Cyclodextrin occurs as a white, fine, crystalline solid, frequently a fine, crystalline powder. It is a nonreducing cyclic compound consisting of seven alpha-(l,4) linked D-glucopyra-nosyl units. It is slightly soluble in water. 

Cyclodextrins have been used for enhancing the solubility of poorly water-soluble small molecules (Shimpi et ah, 2005). The mechanism of solubilization is formation of reversible complexes between the hydrophobic moiety of the drug molecule and the hydrophilic cyclodextrin that is highly water soluble. A similar observation has been made with some proteins and peptides (Brewster et ah, 1991 Johnson et ah, 1994 Flores et ah, 2001). Sulfated cyclodextrins and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins are approved excipients for parenteral administration, however, use of these compounds should take into consideration the cost involved. 

B. Cappello, C. Carmignani, M. lervohno, M.L La Rotonda, and M.F. Saettone, Solubilization of tropicamide by hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and water-soluble polymers In vitro/in vivo studies, Int. J. Pharm., 213 (1-2), 75-81,2001. 

Zhang W, Chen M, Diao G (2011) Preparation and electrochemical behavior of water-soluble inclusion complex of ferrocene with beta-cyclodextrin polymer. Electrochim Acta 56 5129-5136... 

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