Best available control measures

EPA is required to issue guidance on reasonably available control measures (RACM) and best available control measures (BACM) for other sources of particulate matter emissions. 

Best Available Control Measures (BACM) see BACT. 

Best Available Control Technology (BACT) the control level (or control measures) required for sources subject to the Prevention of Significant Deterioration program (see 40CFR 52.21(b)). 

The Shimadzu is a basically similar instrument to photometer (a), but has much superior facilities for temperature control. The low angle PG-21 instrument, superseded subsequently by an improved version LS-2 are both modifications of the Shimadzu by Utiyama et al,44, S1. In the later version the temperature stability within 5°-100 °C is probably the best available in any instrument, and this photometer is capable of allowing routine measurements at angles down to 9°. 

Control of heating may raise substantial problems, in that temperature measurement itself has difficulties, since most probes for temperature measurement themselves interact with the electromagnetic field, and are at best unreliable. Remote sensing is the best available, but has its own difficulties, in that sensors detect the surface temperature rather than that of the bulk. If the temperature of a body within a microwave field is to be... 

This process for production of synthetic ammonia by catalytic steam reforming of natural gas is a relatively clean process and presents no unique environmental problems. To assess the environmental impacts of a modem ammonia plant on air, water, and soil, each step in the ammonia synthesis namely, desulfurization, reforming, shift conversion, carbon dioxide removal, final purification, ammonia synthesis, and refrigeration should be examined. The sources of pollutants need to be identified and matched with cost-effective solutions for minimization/elimination by using the best available pollution control measure. 

It is best to have a formal procedure for recording employee-identified hazards. This can be easily accomplished by a hazard form that provides a written record of the hazard, its location, and other pertinent information, such as the number of employees exposed and possible hazard-control measures. These forms can be distributed to each employee and be available from the department committee member. Employees may wish to express their views about the existence of potential hazards anonymously on the forms. Employees should report near-miss accidents, property damage incidents, and potential injury-producing hazards. It is essential in a program such as this that employees be given anonymity if desired and that they be assured that no action will be taken against them for their participation (even if they report silly hazards). 

In the previous chapter, it was established that in industry, plant hazards can cause harm to property (plant—machinery, asset), people, or the environment. So, it is important to develop some means of analyzing these and come up with a solution. Unfortunately, it is not as straightforward as it sounds. There are plenty of plant hazard analysis (PHA) techniques and each of them has certain strengths and weaknesses. Also each specific plant and associated hazard has specific requirements to be matched so that hazard analysis will be effective. In this chapter, various hazards (in generic terms) will be examined to judge their importance, conditions, quality, etc. so that out of so many techniques available for PHA it is possible to select which one is better (not the best because that needs to be done by experts specifically for the concerned plant) suited for the type of plant. So, discussion will be more toward evaluation of PHA techniques. Some PHA is more suited for process safety management (PSM) and is sometimes more applicable for internal fault effects [e.g., hazard and operability study (HAZOP)]. In contrast, hazard identification (HAZID) is applicable for other plants, especially for the identification of external effects and maj or incidents. HAZID is also covered in this chapter. As a continuation of the same discussion, it will be better to look at various aspects of risk analysis with preliminary ideas already developed in the previous chapter. In risk analysis risk assessment, control measures for safety management systems (SMSs) will be discussed to complete the topic. 

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