Benzoic acid, 2,4,6-trimethyl

Benzoic acid, pentachloro-, 44, 78 Benzoic acid, 2,4,6-trimethyl-, 44, 69 Benzonitrile, conversion to diphenyl-ketimine, 44, SI... 

Benzoic acid, 2-benzoyI-, methyl ester [606-28-0,21204-8641,63 Benzoic acid,4-bromo- [586-76-5], 86 Benzoic acid, 4Benzoic acid, 2-[(diethylamino)carbonyl]-, methyl ester [2659344-2], 63 Benzoic acid, 2,4-dimethoxy- [91-52-1], 31 Benzoic acid, 3,4-dimethoxy- [93-07-2], 31 Benzoic acid, 3,4-dimethyl- [619-04-5], 31 Benzoic acid, 3,5-dimethyl- [499-06-9], 86 Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy- [99-96-7], 60 Benzoic acid, 3-methyl- [99-04-7], 86 Benzoic acid, 4-methyl- [99-94-5], 86 Benzoic acid, 2,4,6-trimethyl- [480-63-7],... 

Malonic acid, methyl- 100 48 hr. Mesitoic acid (see benzoic acid, trimethyl-) 1.0 NaOH No exchange Samuel and Ginsburg (1955)... 

Benzoic m-Toluic (Benzoic acid, 3-methyl-] p-Toluic [Benzoic acid, 4-methyl-J 3,5-Dimcthylbcnzoic [Benzoic acid, 3,5-dimcthyl-] p-Chlorobenzoic [Benzoic acid, 4-chloro-] p-Bromobenzoic [Benzoic acid, 4-bromo-J Phthalic [ 1,2-Bcnzcncdicarboxylic acid] Toluene [Benzene, methyl-] (78) m-Xylene [Benzene, 1,3-dimethyl-] (82) />-Xylene [Benzene, 1,4-dimethyl-] (74) Mesitylene [Benzene, 1,3,5-trimethyl-] (82) p-Chlorotolueno [Benzene, l-ehloro-4-methyl-] (94) p-Bromotolucnc [Benzene, l-bromo-4-methyl-] (94) o-Xylene [Benzene, 1,2-dimethyl-] (64)... 

AcetaUzation of benzaldehyde with trimethyl orthoformate can be carried out with a series of MOFs constructed from In and BDC or BTC ligands with open In sites. The catalysts are even stable in aqueous medium and can be reused without loss of activity. Owing to the small pores of these MOFs, the reaction only takes place at the outer surface of the crystals [54]. In another MOF constructed from In and 4,4 -(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(benzoic acid), the same reaction takes place inside the pores [55]. 

Heating of isopropanol under conventional reflux conditions, with 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoic acid and a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid, afforded the corresponding isopropyl ester in only 2% conversion after 28 h. With the MBR, the product was isolated in 56% yield after 1 h at 148°C[26] (Scheme 2.1 - please note that in all schemes herein, the use of a double headed arrow does not imply a balanced equation). 

The chemical structures of the majority of FMs that have been studied in wastewater treatment are given in Figs. 1-3. Figure 1 shows a variety of FM structures that include alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones, including benzyl acetate (phenylmethyl ester acetic acid), methyl salicylate (2-hydroxy-methyl ester benzoic acid), methyl dihydrojasmonate (3-oxo-2-pentyl-methyl ester cyclopentaneacetic acid), terpineol (4-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanol), benzyl salicylate (2-hydroxy-phenylmethyl ester benzoic acid), isobornyl acetate... 

The earliest example of the increased reactivity of the potassium hydroxide complex of dicyclohexyl- 18-crown-6 ((20] + [21]) was presented by Pedersen (1967b), who found that the sterically hindered esters of 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoic acid [136], which are inert towards KOH in protic solvents, are readily... 

The trimerization of cyclopentadiene (6) is catalyzed by a homogeneous bifunctional palladium-acid catalyst system.7 The reaction gives trimers 7 and 8 as a 1 1 mixture in 70% yield with bis(acetylacetonato)palladium(II) [Pd(acac)2] or with bis(benzylideneacetone)-palladium(O) as the palladium component of the catalyst. As the phosphorus component, phosphanes like trimethyl-, triethyl-, or triphenylphosphane, and triisopropylphosphite or tris(2-methylphcnyl)phosphite, are suitable. A third component, an organic acid with 3 < pK < 5, is necessary in at least equimolar amounts, in the reaction with cyclopentadiene (6), as catalytic amounts are insufficient. Acids that can be used are acetic acid, chloroacetic acid, benzoic acid, and 2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid. Stronger acids, e.g. trichloroacetic acid, result in the formation of poly(cyclopentadiene). The new catalyst system is able to almost completely suppress the competing Diels-Alder reaction, thus preventing the formation of dimeric cyclopentadiene, even at reaction temperatures between 100 and 130°C. 

EtOH produced cleanly the cz5-la,2a-diol 5 in 81% yield. The benzoylation of the I -a-hydroxyl group in 5, which is surrounded by the two 1,3-diaxially juxtaposed methyl groups, proved to be quite difficult under the standard benzoylation conditions. However, treatment of 5 with trimethyl orthobenzoate at 100°C in the presence of a catalytic amount of benzoic acid followed by acid-catalysed hydrolysis of the resulting 1,2-cyclic orthobenzoate provided the 1-monobenzoate derivative of 5., ) Benzoylation of this monobenzoate under standard conditions afforded the desired 1,2-dibenzoate 6 ) in 95% yield. 

The other mechanism involving acyl cleavage is the AacI mechanism. This is rare, being found only where R is very bulky, so that bimolecular attack is sterically hindered, and only in ionizing solvents. The mechanism has been demonstrated for esters of 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoic acid (mesitoic acid). This acid depresses the freezing point of sulfuric acid four times as much as would be predicted from its molecular weight, which is evidence for the equilibrium... 

Aryl vinyl sulfides and sulfoxidesArylsulfenyl chlorides add to trimethyl vinyl-silane in CH2CI2 at -78 - 20° to form 2-chloro-l-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl aryl sulfides in 90-95% yield. These adducts are converted into aryl vinyl sulfides in high yield by KF-2H20 DMSO at 70 100°. The sulfides, as expected, can be oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxides by m-chlo roper benzoic acid in CH2C12 at 20". 

Allylic alcohol 124 (R1 = H 113 mg, 0.34 mmol), trimethyl orthoacetate (0.21 mL, 1.7 mmol), and benzoic acid (4 mg, 0.033 mmol) were dissolved in o-xylene (5 mL) and refluxed for 4 h, when a small amount of starting material was still present by TLC. Additional trimethyl orthoacetate (0.21 mL, 1.6 mmol) and benzoic acid (4 mg, 0.033 mmol) were added and the solvents removed. The residue was flash chromatographed (silica gel, hexanes/EtOAc 5 1) to provide the fra/w-alkene 125 yield 81 mg (55%). 

Esterification of acids with bulky substituents, such as 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoic acid, can be achieved through formation of acyl cations. This is done by simply dissolving the carboxylic acid in strong sulfuric acid, whereby the acyl cation 11 is formed, and then pouring the solution into an excess of cold alcohol (see also Equations 18-5 and 18-6). This procedure works because it avoids the formation of a hindered tetrahedral intermediate similar to 10 and instead forms the conjugate acid directly ... 

Dansette and Jerina25 found that cis- 1,2-glycols (34) on treatment with trimethyl orthoacetate in refluxing benzene containing a trace of benzoic acid are converted to an enantiomeric mixture of 2-methyl-2-methoxydioxolanes (orthoesters) (35 and 36). On reaction of this mixture with trimethylsilyl chloride, substitution with inversion takes place, and trans-chlorohydrin acetate (37) is formed. The chlorohydrin acetate is cyclized to an arene oxide on treatment with sodium methoxide. 

The effect of various surfactants, the cationics-eetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC), the anionic-sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), and the nonionic-polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), on the solubility and ionization constants of some sparingly soluble weak acids of pharmaceutical interest was studied (Gerakis et al., 1993). Benzoic acid (and its 3-methyl-, 3-nitro-, and 4-tert-butyl-derivatives), acetylsalicylic acid, naproxen, and iopanoic acid were chosen as model drugs. The cationics, CTAB and CPC, were found to considerably increase th< ionization constant of the weak acidS Ka ranged from-0.21 to-3.57), while the anionic, SLS, showed a negligible effect and the nonionic, Tween 80, generally decreased the ionization constants Solubility of the acids increased in aqueous micellar and in acidiLed micellar solutions. 

Chemical Name 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-ethanaminium salt with 2-hydroxy benzoic acid... 

Amino-6-nitro-Fischer s base (36, R = N02) was reduced to the 5,6-diamino compound (36, R = NH2) in 80% yield, which (as its hexachlorostannate salt) was condensed with benzoic acid and with benzil to give, respectively, a 68% yield of 5,7,7-trimethyl-6-methylene-6,7-dihydro-5 7/-pyrrolo[2,3-/]-benzimidazole (37) and a 62% yield of 6,8,8-trimethyl-7-methylene-2,3-diphenyl-7,8-dihydro-6 7/-pyrrolo[2,3-g]quinoxaline (38).42 Spiropyrans from these linearly annellated Fischer s bases were not reported they likely would color upon irradiation with blue light. 

C-protonated cation has also been reported for 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoic acid in 99-103% sulphuric acid, in which it exists in equilibrium with the carbonyl-protonated cation and the corresponding benzoyl cation (Beistel and Atkinson, 1969). The latter appears in 100% sulphuric acid, increases in concentration with increasing acid concentration at the expense of the other forms and is the only form observed at concentrations >105% sulphuric acid. 

Selective polyimide membranes, (I), for helium, carbon dioxide, and oxygen were previously prepared by the author [1] by condensing 4,4 -(hexafluoro-isopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride with a 3 2 ratio of 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-phenylene diamine and diamino benzoic acid, respectively. 

Acetates of cklarohydrias. Newman and Chen have published a convenient two-step procedure for conversion of 1,2- or 1,3-glycols into acetates of chlorohydrins. First the glycol is converted into the cyclic orthoester by reaction with trimethyl orthoacetate under acid catalysis (benzoic acid or chloroacetic acid). Yields are in the range 80-90%. The cyclic orthocsters are then treated with trityl chloride (I eq.) in methylene chloride... 

Minnesota, where microbial degradation of alkyl-benzenes was occurring. Others have observed these compounds in association with hydrocarbon contamination including Fang and Barcelona (1999), who identified dimethyl- and trimethyl-benzoic acids in an anoxic aquifer contaminated with JP-4 jet fuel at Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Oscoda, Michigan. 

PG) [benzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxypropyl ester 121-79-9], although listed with the other antioxidants in 1973, is now listed in 184.1660 as an antioxidant with a maximum level of 0.015% in food. Ethoxy quin (EMQ) [quinoline, 6-ethoxy-l,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl 91-53-2] has been used in animal feeds and the carry-over in animals is limited to 5 ppm. EMQ is allowed in paprika and chili powder at 100 ppm. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), allowed prior to 1968, is now illegal and foods containing it are deemed adulterated. 

The reaction of aldehydes and ketones with hydrazoic acid is more difficult to interpret. If we assume that the transformation proceeds through the intermediates LXXXVIII to XCIII and XCV (which are similar to those which were proposed for the reaction of 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoic acid with hydrazoic acid), we see that the final product should be the amide XCIII or XCV, depending upon whether an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom with a pair of electrons migrates. 

Dihalocycloproparenes, in particular the chloro derivatives, are extremely susceptible to hydrolysis and react via ring opening to give carboxylic acid derivatives. Typically, 1,1-dichloro-2,5-diphenylbenzocyclopropene was converted to trimethyl 2,5-diphenylorthobenzoate (12a, 94%) upon reaction with sodium methoxide in benzene and workup in the presence of base. Methanolysis in the absence of base afforded methyl 2,5-diphenylbenzoate. " The same behavior applies to 1,1-dichloro- or l,l-dibromo-2,7-diphenylcyclopropa[()]naphthalene. 1,1-Difluorobenzocyclopropene was hydrolyzed with water to benzoic acid, and the intermediate benzoyl fluoride was isolated and characterized. The hydrolysis of l,l-dihalocyclopropa[6]-naphthalenes afforded naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid, while acid-catalyzed methanolysis of... 

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