Benefit policies

Fischhoff, B., Slovic, P., Lichtenstein, S., Read, S., and Combs, B. 1978. How safe is safe enough A psychometric study of attitudes towards technological risks and benefits. Policy Sci. 9, 127-152. 

Benefit policies (what services can be paid for with the voucher)... 

Benefit policies define what the voucher entitles its bearer to receive. The benefit can be a specific health service or a package of services. Table 5-2 illustrates the wide range of health services that have been provided through voucher schemes. 

Benefit policies are particularly important if health gain/effectiveness is a key objective of the voucher scheme. Benefit policies allow policymakers to define a package of services or a patient management protocol that is derived from evidence-based, cost-effective best practice. The more effective the services covered by the benefit policy, the greater the health gain produced by the scheme. The process of determining the benefit policy... 

Table 5-2. Benefit Policies of Selected Voucher Schemes for Health... 

M. Berkowitz, Encouraging work through cash benefits policy New proposals, in ibid., p. 50. 

Orientation An orientation program gives basic information about the organization, its history, mission, organization, benefits, policies, products or services, and mode of operation. Time spent in orientation is well worth the cost because it makes the employee feel part of the organization. Omission of this step may lead to labor turnover and low productivity. 

There are profound opportunities for both industiy and the individual to prevent the generation of waste indeed, pollution prevention is today primarily stimulated by economics, legislation, liabihty concerns, and the enhanced environmental benefit of managing waste at the source. The Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 has estabhshed pollution prevention as a national policy, declaring that waste should be prevented or reduced at the source wherever feasible, while pollu-... 

The Safety Goal Policy Statement was published to define acceptable radiological risk IVom nuclear power plant operation, and by implication provide a de minimus risk to be assured without cost considerations. Safety beyond the minimum requires cost-benefit analysis. Since being promulgated, bulletins and generic letters have been imposed to enhance safety, under the provisions of 10 CFR 50.109, the Backfit Rule. 

Nowhere is this concern with individual rights more crucial than in questions concerning the justice of energy policy. Distributive justice demands that the benefits and burdens of energy policy be distributed in ways that respect the equal dignity and worth of every individual. A prims facie violation of justice occurs when social benefits and burdens are distributed unequally. Particularly troubling inequalities occur when the benefits of policy go to the powerful and wealthy, while the burdens are distributed primarily among the poor and less powerful. 

Shoup, D., and Bremholt M. (1997). Employer-Paid Parking A Natiomride Suivey of Employers Parking Subsidy Policies. In The Full Costs and Benefits of Transportation, eds. D. L. Greene, D. Jones, and M. A. Delucchi. Berlin Springer. 

Ki ausc, F. Ilaites, E. Ilowarth, R. and Koomey, J. (1993). Cutting Carbon Emissions—Burden or Benefit The Economics of Energy-Tax and Non-Price Policies. El Cerrito, CA International Project for Sustainable Energy Paths. 

Where regional development is to be undertaken it is reasonable to adopt a positive ecological approach. This can begin with the formulation of a conservation policy with specific goals. These may include the conservation of individual animal/plant species or habitat types which are threatened by development. A program of conservation projects (e.g. the setting up of national parks, country parks or natural reserves) will meet the goals. This positive approach to the ecosystem will not only benefit wildlife but will also create the opportunities for tourism and leisure, which are vital adjuncts to most development projects. 

The benefits to be accrued from the implementation of a program of planned maintenance can be found in the efficient and economical operation of the plant and equipment and the utilization of resources (i.e. plant and equipment and manpower) while also maintaining a sound standard of safe working and environmental conditions for operators, other occupants and employees within the workplace. Maintenance systems vary, depending on the location of the plant and equipment and/or company policy. Systems can range from the complete maintenance of plant and equipment using all available methods to their replacement on failure. To meet the company s requirements it is then necessary to decide on the maintenance system that provides the most satisfactory benefits overall. 

Before committing the company or department to a system of planned maintenance, it is essential that there is a complete overview of the total demand on plant, equipment and resources and the benefits from the implementation of such a system, manual or computerized. Varying systems and/or part systems exist in almost every engineering maintenance department, which are due to company policy, changes in departmental staff or workforce, commitment of persons responsible, or, as is the situation in a number of instances, a previous breakdown, which the... 

In large companies, these two aspects may be dealt with separately. In larger organizations, it can be found that it is of greater benefit if the policy document is produced in two separate sections. These would include ... 

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