Radiological risks

The sum total of risks of the nuclear fuel cycle, most of which are associated with conventional industrial safety, are greater than those associated with nuclear power plant operation (30,35—39). However, only 1% of the radiological risk is associated with the nuclear fuel cycle so that nuclear power plant operations are the dominant risk (40). Pubhc perception, however, is that the disposition of nuclear waste poses the dominant risk. 

Showed that the radiological risk of a nuclear power plant is small compared. uth nttier socieial risks ... 

The Safety Goal Policy Statement was published to define acceptable radiological risk IVom nuclear power plant operation, and by implication provide a de minimus risk to be assured without cost considerations. Safety beyond the minimum requires cost-benefit analysis. Since being promulgated, bulletins and generic letters have been imposed to enhance safety, under the provisions of 10 CFR 50.109, the Backfit Rule. 

It has been demonstrated that it is possible to lower the level of airborne radon progeny by filtering and/or expose the air to an electric field. If the radiological risk is measured by the potential alpha energy concentration (PAEC) or exposure rate, for instance expressed in J m 3 or WL, the level may be lowered to about 10-20 % of the value in untreated air, while the reduced level may only be about 40-50 % of the untreated one if the average dose to a certain part of the respiratory tract, for instance expressed in Gy year 1, is considered. 

Fernades, H. M., Franklin, M. R., Veiga, L. H. S., Freitas, P. Gomiero, L. A. 1996. Management of uranium mill tailing geochemical processes and radiological risk assessment. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 30, 69-95. 

Clinical and radiological risk factors for operative stroke and death in the European Carotid Surgery Trial. European Journal of Vascular Endovascular Surgery 23 108-116... 

With a very few, specific exceptions, patients involved in radiological incidents pose absolutely no risk to medical staff, who must treat the patient s medical conditions without regard to radiological risks. This chapter will address these and other issues. 

Durante, M., Pugliese, M. (2003). Depleted uranium residual radiological risk assessment for Kosovo sites. J. Environ. Radioact. 64 237 5. 

The accident at Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant and considerable release of radionuclides in particulate fraction renewed interest in hot particles (HPs)—tiny objects of pm dimensions, having density of activity comparable with the one of irradiated nuclear fuel. They pose radiological risk, especially when inhaled with the air after resuspension from the soil. Studies (Osuch et al., 1989 Piasecki et al., 1990), performed on a quite large set of HPs (over 200 species) collected in Autumn 1986, indicated the existence of two, roughly equally populated groups of HPs ... 

Consumption of shellfish represents a negligible radiological risk to humans, although bivalve mollusks seem to be effective... 

Advice is given to the Emergency Controller on the radiological risk to the local inhabitants and what action may be necessary to limit doses to the public. 

Spain El Cabril (surface) Radiological risk imposed by safety authority < 10 y or equivalent dose of 0.1 mSv y ... 

It appears that the quantities of radioactivity which can be potentially released are not negligible, even if they are lower by an order of magnitude than the con esponding quantities of fission (Table 24-4). The evaluations in the table have been made as best estimates of important accidents. In any case, however, the lower radiological risk of radioisotopes released by fusion reactors has to be taken into account. 

The provision of information and training is an integral part of any system of radiological protection. The level of instmction provided should be appropriate to the nature and type of work undertaken. Workers involved in the transport of radioactive material require training concerning the radiological risks in their work and how they can minimize these risks in all circnmstances. 

There is no more need in the variant 3 for "a long cooling-down period" becatise radiology risk (and cost for it) is very small and most part of lised materials are under the level of unrestricted release immediately after shut-down. 

The radiological risk associated with external events should not exceed the range of radiological risk associated with the accident of internal origin. It should be verified that external events that are slightly more severe than those included in the design basis do not lead to a disproportionate increase in consequences. 

Durante M, Pugliese M (2002) Estimates of radiological risk from DU weapons in war scenarios. Health Phys 82 14-20... 

States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has established detailed requirements concerning emergency preparedness for facilities and uses of radioactive material that it licenses. The NRC licenses the vast majority of facilities and materials that represent a radiological risk in the United States. The United States Department of Transportation (DOT) has published guidance for response to transportation accidents involving radiological materials. 

Radiological risks to the general public for very long time period followmg permanent closure of the repository,... 

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