Behavior methadone

The factors that correlate with treatment success do not clearly apply to success after detoxification from methadone maintenance. Correlates of successful detoxification include 1) less criminal behavior 2) more stable family 3) more stable employment 4) shorter drug history 5) long maintenance with lower dosage and 6) discharge status, with patient and staff consensus as opposed to unilateral discharge from treatment (Dole and Joseph 1978). In one study, addicts were followed an average of 2 years after detoxification (Stim-mel et al. 1977). Although only 28% of the total sample remained abstinent, 83% of those who had fully completed treatment remained abstinent. Another study of 105 patients detoxified after methadone maintenance treatment documented an 82% relapse rate within 12 months (Ball and Ross 1991). These... 

Carroll KM, Ball SA, Nich C, et al Targeting behavioral therapies to enhance naltrexone treatment of opioid dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 38 755-761, 2001 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Recommendation for prevention and control of hepatitis (virus (HCV) infection and HCV-related chronic disease. MMWR Recommendations and Reports 47(RR19) l-39, 1998 Charney DS, Steinberg DE, Kleber HD, et al The clinical use of clonidine in abrupt withdrawal from methadone. Arch Gen Psychiatry 38 1273-1277, 1981 Charney D S, Heninger OR, Kleber H D The combined use of clonidine and naltrexone as a rapid, safe, and effective treatment of abrupt withdrawal from methadone. Am J Psychiatry 143 831-837, 1986... 

Roozen HG, Kerhof AJ, van den Brink W Experiences with an outpatient relapse program (community reinforcement approach) combined with naltrexone in the treatment of opioid-dependence effect on addictive behaviors and the predictive value of psychiatric comorbidity. Eur Addict Res 9 53—58, 2003 Rosen TS, Johnson HL Long-term effects of prenatal methadone maintenance. NIDA Res Monogr 59 73-83, 1985... 

Rawson RA, Huber A, McCann M, et al A comparison of contingency management and cognitive-behavioral approaches during methadone maintenance treatment for cocaine dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 59 817—824, 2002 Rohsenow DJ, Monti PM, Martin RA, et al Motivational enhancement and coping skills training for cocaine abusers effect on substance use outcomes. Addiction... 

The dramatic heightening of aggressive behavior in morphine-withdrawn animals may be due to dopamine receptor upregulation (Gianutsos et al. 1975 Lai et al. 1975). Morphine and methadone inhibit dopamine receptors in the central nervous system (CNS) suggesting possible disuse... 

The clinical characteristics of newborns exposed prenatally to PCP are similar to behavior patterns of infants born addicted to heroin and/or methadone. In 1973, Wilson et al. described the early development of infants of heroin-addicted mothers. The neuro-behavioral symptoms of the newborn included tremors, irritability,... 

Fals-Stewart W, O Farrell TJ Birchler GR (2001). Behavioral couples therapy for male methadone maintenance patients effects on drug-using behaviour relationship adjustment. Behaviour Therapy, 32, 391-411... 

Kosten TR, Rounsaville BJ Kleber HD (1985). Parental alcoholism in opioid addicts. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 173, 461-9 Kott A, Habel E Nottingham W (2001). Analysis of behavioral patterns in five cohorts of patients retained in methadone maintenance programs. The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 68, 46-54 Krabbe PF, Koning JPF, Heinen N, Laheij RJF, Victory Van Cauter RM De Jong CAJ... 

Rowan-Szal GA, Bartholomew NG, Chatham LR Simpson DD (2005). A combined cognitive and behavioral intervention for cocaineusing methadone clients. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 37, 75-84... 

Because BZDs can cause excessive sedation and misuse, especially in drug-abusing HIV-infected patients, buspirone may be a useful alternative. Batki ( 496) reported on the use of this agent in 17 opiate abusers with AIDS or ARC who were also taking methadone. In the 14 patients who remained on the drug for at least 2 weeks, there was a reduction in several aberrant behaviors without any incidence of abuse. 

With the exceptions of methadone maintenance, LAAM maintenance, and nicotine substitution therapy (and probably naltrexone for alcohol addiction and bupropion for nicotine addiction), no clearly effective pharmacotherapy for drug addiction exists. Certainly, no broadly effective pharmacotherapy exists (effective for addictions to drugs of different chemical classes and pharmacological categories). Therapeutic strategies based on psychotherapy, group therapy, behavior modification, economic incentives, and aversion deconditioning have proven limited. 

Young, Gerald A., J. Edward Moreton, Leonard T. Meltzer, and Naim Khazan. 1977. "L-Alpha-Acetylmethadol (LAAM), Methadone, and Morphine Abstinence in Dependent Rats EEG and Behavioral Correlates." Drug and Alcohol Dependence2 141-48. 

D.E. Hutchings, Methadone and heroin during pregnancy A review of behavioral effects in human and animal offspring, Neurobehav. Toxicol. Teratol., 4(4) (1982) 429-434. 

H.L. Johnson and T.S. Rosen, Prenatal methadone exposure Effects on behavior in early infancy, Pediatr. Pharmacol., 2 (1982) 113-120. 

Methadone is used for the treatment of narcotic withdrawal and dependence. It occupies the opioid receptor in the brain and is the stabilizing factor that permits addicts to change their behavior and to discontinue heroin use. Methadone suppresses narcotic withdrawal for between 24 and 36 hours, and because it is effective in eliminating withdrawal symptoms, it is used in detoxifying opiate addicts. Ultimately, the patient remains physically dependent on the opioid, but is freed from the uncontrolled, compulsive, and disruptive behavior seen in heroin addicts.42... 

This occurs surprisingly often Analyses are frequently requested for inmates of county jails and minimum security prisons where alcohol and drug problems are often rampant. Control and treatment of heroin addicts through methadone clinics also requires toxicological analyses in surveillance of their behavior and response to treatment. It is not unusual for a thousand cases of this type to be submitted each month to a laboratory serving an urban community of one million people. 

Opioids (heroin) are frequently used in combination with cocaine (speedball) by persons generally involved in crime. Early death may occur as a result of their use. Heroin addicts acquire bacterial infections producing skin abscesses, pulmonary infections, endocarditis, viral hepatitis, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). There is a range of treatment options for heroin addiction, including medication and behavioral therapies. Methadone, a synthetic opiate medication, blocks the effects of heroin its results are encouraging. 

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