Bast fibres kenaf

Jute, bast fibre from the inner bark of the round or long pod Jute plant Tiliaceae) and from other closely related plants such as kenaf... 

S.H. Aziz, M.P. Ansell, The effect of alkalization and fibre alignment on the mechanieal and thermal properties of kenaf and hemp bast fibre composites part 1-polyester resin matrix. Compos. Sci. Technol. 64(9), 1219-1230 (2004)... 

Natural fibres are classified into three main groups, namely, bast (or stem), leaf and seed (or fruit). Bast fibres such as jute, hemp, kenaf and flax are fibrous bundles found in the inner bark of the plant stem. The fibre bundles consist of filaments of fibre cells made up of mainly cellulose and hemicelluloses. The cementing material between the fibre bundles is lignin while the filaments are held together by pectins. These fibres are separated from the woody matter through a process of natural... 

H. Anuar and A. Zuraida, Improvement in mechanical properties of reinforced thermoplastic elastomer composite with kenaf bast fibre. Compos. B 42,462-465 (2011). 

M.Z. Ahmad Thirmizir, Z.A. Mohdishak, R. MatTaib, R. Sudin, andY.W. Leong, Mechaniccd, water absorption and dimensional stabfiity studies of kenaf bast fibre-filled poly (butylene succinate) composites. Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 50,339 - 348 (2011). 

Standard screening and air separation techniques can then be used to separate the two different materials. Commercially, kenaf bast fibre separated this way can be purchased 98% pith-free. 

Nature in its abundance offers us a lot of material that can be called fibrous fibres are found in plant leaves, fraits, seed covers and stalk. Fibres from these plants can be considered to be totally renewable and biodegradable. Bast fibres are soft, woody fibres obtained from stems of dicotyledonous plants (flowering plants with net-veined leaves). Such fibres, usually characterized by fineness and flexibility, are also known as soft fibres, distinguishing them from the coarser, less flexible fibres of the leaf, or hard , fibre group. This chapter will discuss bast fibres from flax, hemp, jute, ramie, kenaf and abaca. 

Bast fibres (flax, hemp, jute, ramie, kenaf, abaca) 37... 

Today s interest in kenaf focuses on it as an alternative source of paper pulp although still on a very limited scale. Ultimately refined bast fibres measure on average 2.6 mm in length and resemble the best softwood fibres while core fibres are only about 0.6 mm long and are similar to hardwood... 

Other uses of core kenaf fibre include also soil-less potting mixes, animal bedding, oil absorbents, packing material, organic filler for plastics, drilling mud binder, grass and flower mats, decorative fibres and insulation as well as animal feed and human food [41]. Bast fibre is also blended with cotton and used in textiles [41]. The bast fibre of kenaf can also be mixed with plastic for injection moulding. 

Before straw is processed and fibres extracted, it has to be retted. In Asia, Africa and Latin America kenaf is still retted in ponds. However, this process is labour intensive and leads to serious contamination of waterways [47,49], therefore, like many other bast fibre yielding crops, kenaf can be dew-retted. The second stage of processing involves a series of decortication machines that break the stem and separate core and bast fibres [50]. 

The fibres used for natural geotextile products are plant or vegetable fibres, although some research and development studies have considered the use of very low grade sheep s wool and wool waste. Figure 11.1 shows a classification of well known natural fibres. However, the only ones that meet with the technical requirements, cost effectively, are the bast fibres jute, hemp, kenaf and flax (also called soft fibres because they are from the softer region of the plants), and the hard (or leaf) and fruit fibres sisal and coir. Others of the remaining fibres, e.g. wood fibres, are sometimes used as fillers within the textile structure. 

The fibres that were desaibed above as being used for natural geotextiles, are usually extracted from four varieties of the woody-stemmed herbaceous dicotyledons (i.e. the bast fibres flax, jute, hemp and kenaf), one of the monocotyledonous plants (i.e. sisal) and one of Palmaceae (palms) (i.e. coir) [13, 14]. 

Bast or stem fibres These fibres come from the inner bark of the stem of plants. Common examples are jute, flax, hemp, kenaf and ramie. 

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