FIBRE BUNDLE

More direct support for a role of free-radical species in the mechanisms underlying diaphragm fatigue was provided by Reid et al. (1992a, 1992b). They studied fibre bundles from rat diaphragm in vitro and demonstrated an apparent increase in intracellular (Reid et al.. 

There is a number of alternative Raman imaging techniques these include using the Hadamard transform technique [25-27], and such as fibre-bundle image compression, which however is not yet commercially available [26-31]. However in the latter approach, the laser power on the sample could be high, since the beam is not defocused, and the possibility of sample damage increases. 

A single optical fibre cannot be a suitable tool for the last mentioned application as well as for many others arranged in the reflection layout. For these applications individual optical fibres are collected to sets - bundles. Such optical elements are particularly convenient for image transmission. In chemical sensing, fibre bundles can be employed for remote Raman, fluorescence or absorption spectroscopy4,40, for visualisation etc. The... 

Figure 5. Single-point IR sensor head layouts a transmission probe with fibre coupling b transflectance probe with variable pathlength and single fibre coupling c (diffuse) reflection probe with single illumination fibre and collection fibre bundle d two-reflection ATR probe with fibre-optic coupling e multi-reflection ATR probe (DiComp -type) f ATR fibre...

Figure 7. Exemplary Raman sensor layouts a reflection-type probe with single excitation fibre and collection fibre bundle b angular probe with internal laser diode c sensing fibre probe.

Figure 6. Optical fibre biosensor setup, (a) Optical fibre bundle (b) thermostated reaction vessel (c) reaction medium (d) sensing layer (e) stirring bar (f) septum and needle guide for sample injection (g) PVC jacket (h) screw-cap for securing the sensing layer.

All the problems associated to an invasive application are clearly avoided in a system working in an extracorporeal blood circuit, developed by CDI-3M, which has been commercially available since 1984 (now distributed by Terumo)21. A disposable probe which uses the same chemistry as the previously described intravascular optode, is inserted on line in the blood circuit on one side and connected to the fibre bundle on the other (see chapter 2, Figure 5). 

The second chapter is devoted to computing the Betti numbers of Hilbert schemes of points. The main tool we want to use are the Weil conjectures. In section 2.1 we will study the structure of the closed subscheme of X which parametrizes subschemes of length nonl concentrated in a variable point of X. We will show that (X )rei is a locally trivial fibre bundle over X in the Zariski topology with fibre Hilbn( [[xi,... arj]]). We will then also globalize the stratification of Hilbn( [[xi,..., x ]]) from section 1.3 to a stratification of Some of the strata parametrize higher order data of smooth m-dimensional subvarieties Y C X for m < d. In chapter 3 we will study natural smooth compactifications of these strata. 

Lemma 2.1.4. n (X " j)red — X is a locally trivial fibre bundle in the Zariski topology with fibre Hilbn(J )red. 

Zt X) and Gt(X) are locally trivial fibre bundles over X with fibres Zt and Gt respectively. 

Z f ( t1) s a l°ca y trivial fibre bundle with fibre Ar over... 

Then Dlm(X)o is via pi a locally trivial fibre bundle over Dlm 1 (W)0 with fibre ASd m)(, ) Phis is only a reformulation of remark 2.1.7. 

As Hilbn(P(i5)/X) is a locally trivial fibre bundle over X with fibre P, we see easily ... 

An algebraic fibre bundle over Pi, that is not a vector bundle, Topology 12 (1973), 229-232. 

Other degradation laws can be combined with a Weibull plot, particularly when a lower threshold of, for example, voltage is anticipated. An example of its application to electrical cable insulation lifetime is given in [9]. As well as service failures Weibull plots have proved useful in assessing the failure of fibres and fibre bundles. 

Fig. 3. Substructure of a spindle-shaped (a) and a feathered (b) skeletal muscle. The orientation of the myofibres and of the fatty septa arranged along the fibre bundles are indicated schematically.

Separation of EMCL and IMCL in proton muscle spectra is possible due to the different geometrical arrangement of these lipid compartments resulting in different bulk magnetic susceptibility (BMS). EMCL are nestled in long fatty septa along the muscle fibre bundles or fasciae, and can thus be described in a simplified way as coaxial cylinders. IMCL are located in a roughly spherical... 

Figure 32 shows a transverse Ti-weighted image of the AGL patient (Fig. 32a) and the corresponding fat selective image (Fig. 32b), demonstrating the missing subcutaneous fat as well as fatty septa between the muscle fibre bundles. 

Figure 3.6 — (A) Fibre-optic biosensor system a septum b needle guide c thermostated reaction vessel d fibre bundle e enzyme membrane f screw cap g stirring bar h reaction medium i black PVC jacket j 0-ring. (B) Continuous-flow fibre-optic sensor system for the bioluminescence determination of NADH. (Reproduced from [41] with permission of Marcel Dekker, Inc.)...

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