Basophils, differentiation

Kitamura, Y., Nakayama, H. and Fujita, J. (1989). Mechanism of mast cell deficiency in mutant mice of W/Wv and Sl/Sld genotype. In Mast Cell and Basophil Differentiation and Function in Health and Disease (eds S.J. Galli and K.F. Austen), pp 15—25. Raven Press, New York. 

Fig. 3. Th2 cells provide cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, which are essential for differentiation, survival and activity of basophils, mast cells and eosinophils. IL-4 and IL-13 induce IgE production from B cells. IL-5 induces eosinophils, increases eosinophil survival and reduces apoptosis. IL-9 stimulates mast cells. 

In spite of the above-mentioned similarities between basophils and mast cells, they differ in many other aspects [1,2]. Basophils complete their differentiation within the bone marrow, and mature basophils circulate in the peripheral blood and do not usually infiltrate into peripheral tissues unless inflammation takes place. Mast cells originate from hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow as do basophils, but they mature in peripheral tissues after their bone marrow-derived precursors enter the circulation and migrate into peripheral tissues. Mature mast cells reside in peripheral tissues and do not usually circulate in the peripheral blood. The lifespan of basophils is very short (several days), in contrast to that of mast cells (weeks to months). Basophils do not proliferate once they terminally differentiate whereas mature mast cells keep potential to expand in response to various stimuli. These differences between basophils and mast cells, including distinct anatomical localization, suggest their differential roles in vivo. 

Basophils Drive Th2-Cell Differentiation through Secretion ofTh2 Cytokines and Antigen Presentation... 

Arock M, Schneider E, Boissan M, Tricottet V, Dy 12 M Differentiation of human basophils an overview of recent advances and pending questions. J Leukoc Biol 2002 71 557-564. 

Hematopoiesis is defined as the development and maturation of blood cells and their precursors. In utero, hematopoiesis may occur in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. However, after birth, it occurs exclusively in the bone marrow. All blood cells are generated from a common hematopoietic precursor, or stem cell. These stem cells are self-renewing and pluripotent and thus are able to commit to any one of the different lines of maturation that give rise to platelet-producing megakaryocytes, lymphoid, erythroid, and myeloid cells. The myeloid cell line produces monocytes, basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils, whereas the lymphoid stem cell differentiates to form circulating B and T lymphocytes. In contrast to the ordered development of normal cells, the development of leukemia seems to represent an arrest in differentiation at an early phase in the continuum of stem cell to mature cell.1... 

CSFs, which play a major role in the differentiation of stem-derived cells into neutrophils, macrophages, megakaryocytes (from which platelets are derived), eosinophils and basophils ... 

Hematology. Hemacytometers or electronic cell counters can be used to assess the numbers of lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, and eosinophils in the peripheral blood, while changes in relative ratios of the various cell types can be assessed by microscopic differential evaluation. Similar evaluations can be... 

Figure 5.2 All types of blood cells are formed from uncommitted blood (hematopoietic) stem cells in a process called differentiation. Specific protein factors drive the development of erythrocytes (red blood cells), platelets, and the w/hite blood cells including neutrophils and eosinophils, basophils, all with multi-lobed nuclei, and the mononuclear monocytes and lymphocytes that provide specific protein and cellular defenses to the body.

B. IL-2 stimulates the immune system by binding to the IL-2 receptors on responsive immune cells, causing differentiation and proliferation of T helper and T cytotoxic cells. It has no direct effect on the HIV virus, complement, or basophils. 

Mechanism of type I hypersensitivity. Initial exposure to allergen (sensitization phase) leads to production of IgE by plasma cells differentiated from allergen-specific cells (not shown). The secreted IgE binds IgE-specific receptors (FcsR) on blood basophils and... 

As previously indicated, the primary cells involved in the immune response are lymphocytes which have a centrally located round nucleus, lack specific granules, and have a basophilic cytoplasm containing free ribosomes. The (thymus-dependent) T-lyniphocytes are involved in cell mediated reactions and also interact with B-Iymphocytes (see later) to regulate the production of antibody, The B cells differentiate into the antibody-producing plasma cells. There is growing evidence that neither T... 

GM-CSF is a glycoprotein produced by macrophages, T cells, mast cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. It stimulates stem cells to produce neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils. Monocytes migrating into tissue from the circulating blood differentiate into macrophages and undergo maturation. 

Kurita, R., Hayashi, K., Horiuchi, T., Niwa, O., Maeyama, K., Tanizawa, K., Differential measurement with a microfluidic device for the highly selective continuous measurement of histamine released from rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3). Labchip 2002, 2, 34-38. 

Isersky, C., Metzger, H., and Buell, D. N. (1975) Cell cycle-associated changes in receptors for IgE during growth and differentiation of a rat basophilic leukemia cell line. J. Exp. Med. 141, 1147-1162. 

Interleukin-3 is prodnced by activated T lymphocytes and stimnlates the proliferation and differentiation of the grannlocyte, macrophage, eosinophil, basophil, erythroid, megakaryocyte, and mast cell hneages (1). 

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