Bases dictionary

Table 2-9. Sample STAR-based dictionaries. Name Descripticrf...

In addition to the knowledge base dictionary for biodegradation, the program also has access to a repair module that evaluates each structure for stability and, when necessary, rearranges the products to reflect molecular rearrangements and other product stability requirements. This capability is apparently unique to META. 

Data formats based on the STAR file with their own dictionaries can further restrict the syntax of files to conform to their definition. 

The CIF file format was quickly and widely adopted by the scientific community for at least two reasons [165J it was, and still is, endorsed by the lUCr and submission of data to the journal Acta Ciystallographka, Section C in a form conforming to CI F assures faster processing and hence faster publication of accepted papers. The current CIF file dictionary defines about 1200 data names, but it is still unable to represent all the details of the crystallographic measurements of macromolecules. Thus, yet another STAR-based data format is needed. 

The following are definitions of terms relevant to computational chemistry. These definitions are based on common usage in this field. They do not necessarily reflect the dictionary definitions or those in other branches of science. 

Electro-osmosis has been defined in the literature in many indirect ways, but the simplest definition comes from the Oxford English Dictionary, which defines it as the effect of an external electric held on a system undergoing osmosis or reverse osmosis. Electro-osmosis is not a well-understood phenomenon, and this especially apphes to polar non-ionic solutions. Recent hterature and many standard text and reference books present a rather confused picture, and some imply directly or indirectly that it cannot take place in uniform electric fields [31-35]. This assumption is perhaps based on the fact that the interaction of an external electric held on a polar molecule can produce only a net torque, but no net force. This therefore appears to be an ideal problem for molecular simulation to address, and we will describe here how molecular simulation has helped to understand this phenomenon [26]. Electro-osmosis has many important applications in both the hfe and physical sciences, including processes as diverse as water desahnation, soil purification, and drug delivery. 

PIAT. Acronym for projector infantry antitank. A Brit WWII weapon based on the shaped charge effect. It fired a rocket-propelled charge weighing 3 lbs which could pierce 4-tnch armor plate Ref J. Quick, Dictionary of Weapons and Military Terms , McGraw Hill, NY (1973), 349... 

There is one separate tRNA for each amino acid and one separate specific synthetase. The enzyme must bind not only the correct amino acid but also the correct tRNA, so that each synthetase has specific recognition sites for both. Transfer RNAs contain a three-base sequence that is an anticodon, which binds to its complementary codon on messenger RNA. The importance of the synthetase in relation to fidelity of translating the information in messenger RNA is indicated by the fact that, once an amino acid is bound to tRNA, its identity as an amino acid is dictated by the anticodon site on the transfer RNA and not by the amino acid itself. (The enzyme can be considered as a dictionary, since it provides a cross-reference between the nucleic acid and amino acid languages.)... 

The definitions in the Glossary are based on the Oxford EngUsh Dictionary (OED), Webster s International Dictionary (WEB), and unabridged dictionaries in English and foreign languages as well as the standard dictionaries and reference works in mineralogy, materials science, and medicine. 

The META system (291-293) is an expert system, based on well-established sources, for predicting the sites of potential enzymatic attack and the metabolites formed by metabolic transformations. The program uses dictionaries of biotransformation operators, which are created by experts to represent known metabolic paths. Currently, META can be combined with one of the following dictionaries mammalian metabolism, aerobic biodegradation, anaerobic biodegradation, and metabolic transformation reactions (291). 

A rough rule of thumb can be set forth to help avoid having your deconvolved spectral lines exhibit saturation effects. Reduce the pressure path (and thus apparent absorption) until you are sure that it is actually too low then cut it in half again. As an alternative, one could easily generate a dictionary of simulations based on the ratio of the FWHM of the true line to the equivalent FWHM characterizing specific instrumental resolution. In our laboratory we have simply developed experience in evaluating the requirements. Our instrumental resolution of 0.009 cm-1 makes that fairly easy. 

The genetic code is a dictionary that identifies the correspondence between a sequence of nucleotide bases and a sequence of amino adds. Each individual word in the code is composed of three nucleotide bases. These genetic words are called codons. 

Cartridge, Clip. A sheet-metal item intended to hold together a number of cartridges at their bases in order to facilitate rapid loading into the magazine of a rifle or pistol Refs l)Funk Wagnails, "New Standard Dictionary", NY (1958), 410 2)Glossary of Ord (1959), 72... 

This purpose the present author has thought to achieve by a preliminary survey of the historical background of medical herbalism, followed by an explanation and discussion of the philosophy upon which the herbal practitioner of to-day bases his work. The greater part of the book is devoted to the cyclopaedic dictionary of medicinal and other herbs, with their natural order, botanical and common names and synonyms, their habitats, distinctive features, the parts employed and the therapeutic properties, with uses and dosage. 

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