Baseline study

The time taken to complete a base line study and EIA should not be underestimated. The baseline study describes and inventorises the natural initial flora, fauna, the aquatic life, land and seabed conditions prior to any activity. In seasonal climates, the baseline study may need to cover the whole year. The duration of an EIA depends upon the size and type of area under study, and the previous work done in the area, but may typically take six months. The EIA is often an essential step in project development and should not be omitted from the planning schedule. 

EIA Preparation is the scientific and objective analysis of the scale, significance and importance of impacts identified. Various methods have been developed, in relation to baseline studies impact identification prediction evaluation and mitigation, to execute this task. 

Specific interventions to address the problem areas identified during the baseline study... 

Consultants are equipped to monitor the quality of freshwater, estuarine and marine environments and can make field measurements of a variety of water-quality parameters in response to pollution incidents. For example, reasons for the mortality of marine shellfish and farmed freshwater fish have been determined using portable water-analysis equipment. Various items of field equipment are, of course, also employed in baseline studies and monitoring, respectively, before and after the introduction of new effluent-disposal schemes. 

R.W. Klusman Baseline Studies of Surface Gas Exchange and Soil-Gas Composition in Preparation for C02 Sequestration Research Teapot Dome, Wyoming. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. AAPG Bulletin. 2005. 89, 981-1003. 

Pyysalo, H., K. Wickstrom, and R. Litmanen. 1983. A baseline study on the concentrations of chlordane-, PCB- and DDT-compounds in Finnish fish samples in the year 1982. Chemosphere 12 837-842. 

The problem is to determine whether exposures have occurred before substantial symptoms are present. This is accomplished through a variety of medical tests. The results from these tests must be compared to a medical baseline study, performed before any exposure. Many chemical companies perform baseline studies on new employees before employment. 

CLL approach and EIA baselines studies. While calculating and mapping critical loads, an assessor reviews and systematize most of the data on current state of... 

The next step is impact prediction that requires detailed quantitative information about the sources of risk agents, exposure models, the receptors and possible changes in the state of these receptors caused by the defined agents. If the CLL concept was selected for assessment ecosystem effects it should firstly be utilized for impact baseline studies or assessing the do-nothing scenario. In this context CLL calculation includes the following steps (Bashkin, 2002) ... 

Madejova J, Komadel P. Baseline studies of the clay minerals society source clays infrared methods. Clays Clay Miner. 2001 49 410-432. 

WILDERNESS WATER QUALITY BISHOP CREEK BASELINE STUDY, 1974. 

Behl CR, Linn EE, Flynn GL, et al. 1983. Permeation of skin and eschar by antiseptics I Baseline studies with phenol. J Pharm Sci 72 391-397. 

Cutter GA, Cutter LS (1995) Behavior of dissolved antimony, arsenic, and selenium in the Atlantic Ocean. In IOC Contaminants Baseline Study. Marine Chemistry. Yeats PA, Shiller AM (eds), Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 295-306... 

Schmidt, D., and W. Gerwinski, (1992). A baseline study for trace metals in the open Atlantic Ocean. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. ICES CM 1992/E18, 15pp. 

Ronco, A.E. Sorbero, M.C. Rossini, G.D. Alzuet, P.R. Dutka, B.J. Screening for sediment toxicity in the Rio Santiago basin a baseline study. Environ. Toxic. Water Quality 1995, 10, 35-39. 

Oehlmann, J. (2002). Baseline study on intersex in Littorina Httorea with recommendations for biological TBT assessment criteria. Report, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main. SIME 02/6/1-E. 

Ballschmiter K, Zell M. 1980. Baseline studies of the global pollution Occurrence of... 

Baseline Studies of Pollutants in the Marine Environment and Research Recommendations, 1972. 

Finkelstein, D.B., Munhall, A., Pratt, L.M. and Bauer, C.E. (2004) A baseline study of evaporative water chemistry and microbial mat diversity from alkaline lakes in Warner Valley, Oregon. Abstracts with Programs. The Geological Society of America, 36(5), 87. 

Masada, T., et al. 1989. Examination of iontophoretic transport of ionic drugs across skin Baseline studies with the four-electrode system. Int J Pharm 49 57. 

Srinivasan, V., W.I. Higuchi, and M.H. Su. 1989. Baseline studies with four electrode system The effect of skin permeability increase and water transport on the flux of a model uncharged solute during iontophoresis. J Control Release 10 157. 

Key words (GeoRef Thesaurus, AGI) geochemical surveys, baseline studies, stream water, stream sediments, floodplains, overbank sediments, soils, humus, sampling, sample preparation, FOREGS, manuals, Europe... 

Mansing, A., Wilson, A., 1995. Insecticide contamination of Jamaican environment III. Baseline studies on the status of insecticidal pollution of Kingston Harbour. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 30, 640-645. 

McCarthy, L.H., Williams, T.G., Stephens, G.R., Peddle, J., Robertson, K. and Gregor, D.J. (1997) Baseline studies in the Slave River, NWT, 1990-1994 Part I. Evaluation of the chemical quality of water and suspended sediment from the Slave River (NWT), The Science of The Total Environment 197 (1-3), 21-53. 

Feed Blend Properties Solvent Study and Thermal Baseline Study... 

Thermal Baseline Study. PDU Run 2LCF-21 (Thermal Baseline) processed a 70/30 volume percent SRC-I/500°F IBP KC-Oil feed blend over an inert 1/32 inch Shell catalyst support. The inert support was the extrudate base for the modified Shell 324 catalyst and had been calcined at 1100-1150°C. The purpose of this run was to determine the extent of conversion and denitrogenation in the absence of an active catalyst ingredient - nickel and molybdenum (Ni/Mo). 

This task is of interest if, for example, an average value of a nutrient element inside an agricultural area has to be determined or the average value of a water component across a river section has to be characterized. Often, the answer obtained serves as a baseline study. By means of composite samples with an optimum distribution of the sampling points, an objective assessment is possible with relatively little expenditure. 

Background concentrations of CDDs in fish were measured in the Mississippi River and Lake Orono in Elk River, Minnesota, a semi-rural location (Reed et al. 1990). No major industrial or commercial activity occurred in the area at the time of the study, and the survey was conducted as a baseline study prior to the operation of the Elk River Electric Generating Station (powered by refuse-derived fuel). 

Eitzer BD, Hites RA. 1989a. Dioxins and furans in the ambient atmosphere A baseline study. Chemosphere 18 593-598. 

PANELIST SCHMID Yes, I did want to make a comment on this, The environmental situation doesn t get mentioned too often. That is true because we tend to concentrate on the process a little bit more. But we have not overlooked it at all. In fact, we have already started baseline studies near the Morgantown, West Virginia, site for the demonstration plant. We have been gathering data there for several months, and we have a meteorolo -gical tower erected in that vicinity. We have devoted a considerable amount of time and effort to gathering the kind of baseline data that we will need to assess the environmental impact... 

After extensive baseline studies, FTIR-RTM was used for measuring the level of cure. The primary reasons for this decision was the high reproducibility of measuring cure by following isocyanate... 

Myung Chae Jung, Seong-Taek Yun, Jin-Soo Lee, Jong-Un Lee, Baseline study on essential and trace elements in polished rice from South Korea, Environ. Geochem. Health, 27 (2005), 455-464. 

Environmental technicians gather gas samples from smokestacks and PCBs from transformers. They also set up equipment in the field to create baseline studies and monitor changes in the environment. 

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