Prediction of impacts

Hazard identification is akin to the qualitative prediction of impacts in EIA and is largely accomplished when the EIA is performed independently of, or prior to, an ERA. The potentially significant risks are often identified because of experience elsewhere with similar materials, processes, ecosystems, and conditions. This step is immediately useful to management and helps to sharpen the question posed in the... 

Measurement endpoints are measurable factors that respond to the stressor and describe or measure characteristics that are essential for the maintenance of the ecosystem characteristic classified as the assessment endpoint. Measurement endpoints can be virtually any aspect of the ecosystem that can be used to provide a more complete picture of the status of the assessment endpoint. Measurement endpoints can range from biochemical responses to changes in community structure and function. The more complete the description of the assessment endpoint that can be provided by the measurement endpoints, the more accurate the prediction of impacts. 

Hazard identification is akin to the qualitative prediction of impacts in EIA and is largely accomplished when the EIA is performed independently of, or prior to,... 

S.A. Diamond, G.S. Peterson, J.E. Tietge, G.T. Ankley. Assessment of the risk of solar ultraviolet radiation effects on amphibians. III. Prediction of impacts in selected northern mid-western wetlands. Environ. Sci. TechnoL, submitted. 

Biological effects monitoring is an essential part of marine pollution studies which, in comparison with chemical analyses, has been relatively neglected. Biological effects monitoring is a very difficult task because of the complexities of the marine environment. Because of cost, the monitoring may be carried out only on a limited number of species and there is no guarantee that important species will be selected. The environment is simultaneously exposed to many factors which may interact and, consequently, the isolation of the effects of a particular factor and predictions of impacts, except for the most obvious ones, maybe practically impossible [8]. 

EIAs should include studies of all relevant physical, biological, economic, and social factors. At a very early stage in the EIA process, inventories should be prepared of relevant sources of data and of technical expertise. EIAs should include studies of alternatives (including that of no action), and both mid-term and long-term predictions of impacts. 

Nakamura ct al. [68] have used the instrumented Charpy test to examine the effect of silica fillers on epoxy resins, while Wang ct al. [69] have used the same technique for examining RIM parts. An examination of fillers in polypropylene has been reported by Jancar and DiBcncdetto [70]. Trantina and Ochler [71] discuss the application of Charpy (and Izod) tests to the prediction of impact resistance for use in design calculations. Sharpe... 

Prediction of impact damage extent, residual strength and post-impact fatigue... 

The prediction of impacts aims to identify the magnitude and other dimensions (nature, extent/location, timing, duration, reversibility, fikefihood and significance) of identified change on the environment caused by the project. 

Bhanarkar, A.D., Majumdar, D., Nema, R, and George, K.V. 2010. Emissions of SO2, NOx and particulates from a pipe manufacturing plant and prediction of impact on air quality. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 169(1) 677-685. 

The prediction of impact curves from experiments at low strain rates. 

The objective of the current work was to compare FOD behavior between the SiC/SiC and the oxide/oxide CMCs in terms of impact morphologies and strength degradation, based on the previous work [1-2], In addition, the response to static indentation of the two composites with respect to deformation was also characterized using the same steel balls that were employed in the previous FOD testing. The static indentation results were then used in order to make an attempt of quasi-static prediction of impact force as a function of impact velocity involved in the FOD testing. 

Prediction of Impact Force I) Impact Force Estimation... 

Ballistic impact is a complex dynamic phenomenon. Consequently its analysis is complex and therefore beyond of the scope of this paper. However, a first-order, quasi-static prediction of impact force will be described briefly and made in this paper based on a previous work [10]. Right before and after impact, the overall energy balance may hold [10] ... 

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