Barium nickelate

The only components in a coating powder which might cause the waste to be classified as hazardous are certain heavy-metal pigments sometimes used as colorants. Lead- (qv) and cadmium-based pigments (qv) are seldom used, however, and other potentially hazardous elements such as barium, nickel, and chromium are usually in the form of highly insoluble materials that seldom cause of the spent powder to be characterized as a hazardous waste (86). 

Nickel may be a factor in asbestos carcinogenicity. The presence of chromium and manganese in asbestos fibers may enhance the carcinogenicity of nickel (USEPA 1980), but this relation needs to be verified. Barium-nickel mixtures inhibit calcium uptake in rats, resulting in reduced growth (WHO 1991). Pretreatment of animals with cadmium enhanced the toxicity of nickel to the kidneys and liver (USPHS 1993). Simultaneous exposure to nickel and cadmium — an industrial situation... 

Researchers at BNL claim that this technology may be used to extract metals such as cadmium, arsenic, lead, zinc, copper, magnesium, manganese, aluminum, barium, nickel, and chromium, as well as radionuclides such as uranium, thorium, plutonium, cobalt, cesium, and strontium. They state that the process offers the following advantages ... 

Metals frequently occurring in the state s waste streams include cadmium, chromium, lead, arsenic, zinc, copper, barium, nickel, antimony, beryllium, mercury, vanadium, cobalt, silver, and selenium. These metals are toxic to humans and other organisms, are persistent in the environment, and can bioaccumulate in food chains. They are typically used by businesses in many industrial categories, as shown in Table 2.1-1. 

The potassium, barium, nickel(II) and copper(II) salts have long been known,24 the normal method of preparation being to treat trarts- L2[Os02(OH)4] with excess aqueous potassium cyanide followed by fusion with potassium cyanide.24 25 A free acid, H4[Os(CN)6], can be made by addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid to K4 [Os(CN)s].24 It is soluble in alcohol but can be precipitated as an etherate by diethyl ether. A study of its IR spectrum and that of its deuteriate suggests that it contains asymmetric —Os—C—N -H—N—C—Os— hydrogen bonds.26,27... 

W. Doerrscheidt and H. Schaefer, The structure of barium-platinum-tin (BaPtSna), barium-nickel-tin (BaNiSns) and strontium-nickel-tin (SrNiSns) and their relation to the thorium-chromium-silicon (ThCr2Si2) structure type, J. Less-Common Met. 58, 209 (1978). 

The only other commercially important grade of titanate pigment, besides those listed above, is barium nickel titanium yellow priderite. The name priderite, just as with spinel and rutile above, refers to the crystal structure of this compound. These... 

Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol reacts with ammonia to give a variety of nitrogen containing compounds depending on the conditions employed. Over a barium hydroxide-promoted skeletal nickel—aluminum catalyst, 2-tetrahydrofurfur5iarnine [4795-29-3] is produced (113—115). With paHadium on alumina catalyst in the vapor phase (250—300°C), pyridine [110-86-1] is the principal product (116—117) pyridine also is formed using Zn and Cr based catalysts (118,119). At low pressure and 200°C over a reduced nickel catalyst, piperidine is obtained in good yield (120,121). 

Monofluorophosphates of ammonium, lithium, sodium, potassium, silver, calcium, strontium, barium, mercury, lead, and benzidine have been described (70) as have the nickel, cobalt, and ziac salts (71), and the cadmium, manganese, chromium, and iron monofluorophosphates (72). Many of the monofluorophosphates are similar to the corresponding sulfates (73). 

Compounds containing such metals as copper, barium, lead, molybdenum, and nickel generally are not used in processing solutions. However, trace quantities of certain metal dopants occasionally are used to impart desired soHd-state and photographic properties to emulsion grains. Because of its... 

At room temperature, sulfur unites readily with copper, silver, and mercury and vigorously with sodium, potassium, calcium, strontium, and barium to form sulfides. Iron, chromium, tungsten, nickel, and cobalt react much less readily. In a finely divided state, zinc, tin, iron, and aluminum react with sulfur on heating (19). 

Hydrogenation. Hydrogenation is one of the oldest and most widely used appHcations for supported catalysts, and much has been written in this field (55—57). Metals useflil in hydrogenation include cobalt, copper, nickel, palladium, platinum, rhenium, rhodium, mthenium, and silver, and there are numerous catalysts available for various specific appHcations. Most hydrogenation catalysts rely on extremely fine dispersions of the active metal on activated carbon, alumina, siHca-alumina, 2eoHtes, kieselguhr, or inert salts, such as barium sulfate. 

This reaction is favored by moderate temperatures (100—150°C), low pressures, and acidic solvents. High activity catalysts such as 5—10 wt % palladium on activated carbon or barium sulfate, high activity Raney nickel, or copper chromite (nonpromoted or promoted with barium) can be used. Palladium catalysts are recommended for the reduction of aromatic aldehydes, such as that of benzaldehyde to toluene. 

Chrornium—cobalt—alurninum oxide [68187-11-1]—Cl Pigment Blue 36, Cl No. 77343. A blue—green pigment obtained by calcining a mixture of chromium oxide, cobalt carbonate, and aluminum oxide. It may contain small amounts (<1% each) of oxides of barium, boron, siUcon, and nickel. 

Lead, Pb nickel, Ni and barium, Ba, may be restricted or absent in some formulations because of environmental regulations (3). 

This method is used for the determination of total chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), beiylhum (Be), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), phosphorus (P), thalhum (Tl), silver (Ag), antimony (Sb), barium (Ba), and mer-cuiy (Hg) stack emissions from stationaiy sources. This method may also be used for the determination of particulate emissions fohowing the procedures and precautions described. However, modifications to the sample recoveiy and analysis procedures described in the method for the purpose of determining particulate emissions may potentially impacl the front-half mercury determination. 

Some metals, such as cadmium, cobalt, and lead, are selectively car-diotoxic. They depress contractivity and slow down conduction in the cardiac-system. They may also cause morphological alterations, e.g., cobalt, which was once used to prevent excessive foam formation in beers, caused cardiomyopathy among heavy beer drinkers. Some of the metals also block ion channels in myocytes. Manganese and nickel block calcium channels, whereas barium is a strong inducer of cardiac arrhythmia. 

The barium ferrite was found to have an increase in magnetic anisotropy, as in the nickel ferrite, but its overall effect on magnetization was less because of greater magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The shock modification caused reduced crystallite size and local damage that resulted in increased microwave absorption. 

Nickel, Copper and Beryllium nitrates Calcium, Magnesium, Strontium and Barium chlorides (5,7]... 

Electrolysis of acidified water using platinum electrodes is a convenient source of hydrogen (and oxygen) and, on a larger scale, very pure hydrogen (>99.95%) can be obtained from the electrolysis of warm aqueous solutions of barium hydroxide between nickel electrodes. The method is expensive but becomes economical... 

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