Tobacco bacteria

Pollens Mould spores Fine ash Bacteria Tobacco smoke Viruses... 

Fig. 3. Sequence comparison of the FA/FB-binding subunits of PSl from tobacco and the RC of green sulfur bacteria with that of the 2[4Fe-4S] ferredoxin from Peptococcus aerogenes. Cysteine ligands to the right-hand cluster in the three structures of Fig. 2 (i.e., cluster Fb for the case of the FA/FB-protein) are marked by open boxes Emd residues ligating the left-hand cluster by hatched boxes.

In addition to the proteins mentioned above, there have been many reports of the induction of pathogenesis-related proteins (PRPs) in a number of plant species infected by viruses, viroids, bacteria or fungi (Van Loon, 1985). It has been shown that in cultured parsley cells, increased transcription of two PRP genes occurs within a few minutes of exposure to fungal elicitors (Somssich et al., 1986). Although several PRPs from tobacco have been purified and their cDNAs isolated (Hooft van Huijsduij-nen. Van Loon Bol, 1986), the exact action of these proteins remains unclear. 

Nonvolatile Nitrosamines In Tobacco. A method which we developed several years ago for the analysis of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA 31) involves extraction of tobacco with buffered ascorbic acid TpH 4.5) followed by partition with ethyl acetate, chromatographic clean-up on silica gel, and analysis by HPLC-TEA (Figure 9). Results obtained with this method for a large spectrum of tobacco products (Table IV), strongly support the concept that the levels of nitrate and alkaloids, and especially the methods for curing and fermentation, determine the yields of TSNA in tobacco products. Recent and as yet preliminary data from snuff analyses indicate that aerobic bacteria play a role in the formation of TSNA during air curing and fermentation. 

Some heavy metal-tolerant bacterial strains and their sorption capacities for Cu and Cd are listed in Table 1. These bacteria show great potential for remediating soils that are contaminated with toxic metals. Our pot culture experiments showed that the growth of tobacco plants in a Cd-polluted Yellow Brown Soil (Alfisol) was significantly promoted by inoculating the soil with P. Putida in comparison with the non-inoculated soil (Fig. 2). 

In contrast, certain pathogens influence ethylene production involved in plant defense for their own benefit. Several of them are able to upregulate ethylene synthesis in plants as shown, for example, in virus- or bacteria-infected tobacco and citrus, respectively. ... 

The formation of NNN, NNK, and NNA from nicotine probably involved the intermediacy of cyclic iminium salts, as shown in Figure 5 (28). These salts can undergo hydrolysis to the free amines which are nitrosated, or at near neutral pH, can be directly nitrosated to give nitrosamines. The formation of nitrosamines from iminium salts under neutral conditions has been demonstrated in at least two studies and is of interest because iminium salts are known to be intermediates in the mammalian metabolism of nicotine (26,29,30,31). The possibility that tobacco bacteria could nitrosate nicotine via this pathway is currently under investigation. 

Dust particles can be classified according to their size. Those smaller than 0.1 pm behave as a gas and do not deposit. Particles between 0.1 and 1 pm settle, but so slowly that air drafts avoid their deposition and those bigger than 1 pm deposit at measurable rates. Smoke from fuels and tobacco combustion, viruses and some bacteria are in the first group flour, clays, paint pigments and bacteria are in the second one and ash, sand, coal, pollen, spores, hair, and mist are in the last one. In an ordinary atmosphere, 99% of the particles are smaller than 1 pm. 

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