Bacillus anthracis detection

Elhanany, E. Barak, R. Fisher, M. Kobiler, D. Altboum, Z. Detection of specific Bacillus anthracis biomarkers by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass sspectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2001,15,2110-2116. 

Events involving deliberate or accidental distribution of bacterial pathogens into our everyday environment have clearly defined the need for a sensitive, specific, and rapid method of bacterial detection. Bioterrorism was first introduced in the United States in 1984 with the Salmonella typhimurium attack in The Dalles, Oregon, by a cult group attempting to affect a local election.1 As a result of this act 751 people contracted salmonellosis, which totally overwhelmed the hospitals and medical clinics with patients. Later our society became keenly aware of the potential of bioterrorism during the last four months of 2001 when Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) spores were sent through the US mail in an envelope to several locations. These events had... 

Bruno J.G., Yu H., Immunomagnetic electrochemiluminescent detection of Bacillus anthracis spores in soil matrices, Appl. Environ. Micro. 1996 62 3474-3476. 

Schuch R, Nelson D, Fischetti VA (2002) A bacteriolytic agent that detects and kills Bacillus anthracis. Nature 418 884-889... 

In a guinea pig/aerosol model, 6 x 10 spores of the vaccine anthrax strain STI were detected in the lungs 1 h after infection from a dose of 2.43 x 10 spores. Bacillus anthracis was not detectable in the tracheobronchial lymph nodes until 2 days post-infection. On day 36 post-infection, lung levels were down to 10 spores and tracheobronchial lymph nodes were again negative. 

Figure 7.11 (A) Experimental design, depicting the organization of the DNA oligomers on SiFs used for the detection of Bacillus anthracis. (B) Emission spectra of the TAMRA-Oligo as a function of B. anthracis exosporium concentration after 30 s low power microwave heating. (C) Plot of the fluorescence emissicm intensity at 585 tun for TAMRA-Oligo as a function of target concentration. Data for B. cereus (a non-causative strain) is also shown for con arison. Ad ed fi-om reference 52.

Kumar, N., Dorfman, A., and Hahm, J. (2006). Ultrasensitive DNA sequence detection of Bacillus anthracis using nanoscale ZnO sensor arrays. Nanotechnology 17 2875-2881. 

For detection of especially dangerous bacterial and viral agents such as Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Brucella species and influenza A/H5, real-time PCR using a LightCycler 2.0 (Roche) and reagents (Idaho Technologies) has been applied at NCDC. 

Tatti KM, Greer P, White E, et al. Morphologic, immunologic, and molecular methods to detect Bacillus anthracis in formalin-fixed tissues. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2006 14 234-243. 

Campbell, G. A., Mutharasan, R. Detection of Bacillus anthracis spores and a model protein using PEMC sensors in a flow cell at... 

Easley et al. showed integrated DNA purification, PCR, electrophoretic separation and detection of pathogens in less than 30 min [116]. The assay was performed on a pressure driven four layer glass/PDMS chip with elastomeric valves. Temperature cycling for PCR was achieved by IR radiation. Only the sample lysis step was not integrated in the microfluidic chip. Detection of Bacillus anthracis from infected mice and Bordetella pertussis from a clinical sample was successfully demonstrated. 

Bacterial spores are the most resistant microbial structures toward extreme conditions. As a consequence, they find applications in the evaluation of the efficiency of sterilization processes. They are also present in the ominous Bacillus anthracis spores which have been the biological vectors in anthrax attacks. Dipicolinic acid is a remarkable constituent of these spores so that they may be detected through complexation with Tb ". In the proposed procedure. Cable et al. (2007) start from a macrocyclic complex, [Tb(D02A)]+ where D02A is 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-... 

The development of compact, field-deployable sensors is highly desirable for prompt, on-site detection of active Bacillus anthracis bacteria, which would eliminate the need to send samples for diagnosis to a remote laboratory As a first step toward this goal, we describe the development of an OLED-based... 

Williams DD, Benedek O, Turnbough CL, Jr. Species-specific peptide ligands for the detection of Bacillus anthracis spores. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003 69 6288-6293. 

Edwards K. A., Clancy H. A., and Baeumner A. J., Bacillus anthracis, toxicology, epidemiology and current rapid-detection methods, A a/. Bioanal. Chem., 11, 1-12,2005. 

HMMWV) and equipped with a biological detection suite (Figure 16-32). In its present configuration, the BIDS can detect the bacteria Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis, and the toxins botuli-num toxin A and staphylococcal enterotoxin B. 

Hoile, R., Yuen, M., James, G., Gilbert, G. L. (2006). Evaluation of the rapid analyte measurement platform (RAMP) for the detection of Bacillus anthracis at a crime scene. Forensic Sci Int. 171, 1-4. 

Can the presence of Bacillus anthracis spores be detected by a characteristic appearance, odor, or taste ... 

In other instances, where analyte-sensitive dyes with a narrower Stokes shift are utilized, the contribution of the long-wavelength EL tail to the background can be large, reducing the detection sensitivity and deteriorating the LOD. An example for that behavior is that of a sensor for anthrax lethal factor (LF), which is one of the three proteins of the anthrax toxin secreted by the live Bacillus anthracis bacterium. The development of a compact, field-deployable, and low-cost sensor for prompt, on-site detection of... 

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